Bibliographie

Abramovitz, M. (1956), “Resource and output trends in the United States since 1870”, American Economic Review, XLVI (2), pp.5-23.
Abramovitz, M. (1994), “The origins of the postwar catch-up and convergence boom”, in J. Fagerberg et al (org) 1994, pp. 21-52.
Abrunhosa, A. (2003), “The national innovation systems approach and the innovation matrix”, paper presented at the DRUID Summer Conference 2003.
Acemoglu, D. (1996), “A microfoundation for social increasing returns in human capital accumulation”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 111, pp. 779-804.
Acemoglu, D. (1997), “Training and innovation in an imperfect labour market”, Review of Economic Studies, 64, pp. 445-464.
Aghion, P. et Howitt (1998), Endogenous Growth Theory. MIT Press, Cambridge.
Aghion, P. et Howitt P., (1992), “A model of growth throught creative destruction”, Econometrica, 60 (2), pp. 323-351.
Albuquerque, E., (1999), Scientific Infrastructure and the catching-up process.
Alcorta, L, et Perez (1998), “Innovation systems and technological specialization in Latin America and the Caribbean, Research Policy 26(7-8), pp. 857-881.
Alcouffe, Alain., (1996), Evolution de la R&D et de L’intégration entre les Pays Maghrébins, Commission Européenne, office des publications officielles des Communautés Européennes, Luxembourg .
Amable, B., (2001), “Les Systemes D’Innovation”, Contribution à l’Encyclopédie de l’innovation dirigée par Phillippe Mustar et Hervé Penan.
Amable, B., Barré, R., et Boyer, R. (1997), Les Systèmes d`Innovation à l´Ère de la Globalisation, Paris, Economica.
Amable, B., et P. Petit (2001), “The diversity of social systems of innovation and production during the 1990s. Papier présenté à la deuxième conférence du Centre Saint-Gobain pour la recherche en Economie.
Amendola M., et Gaffard J. L., (1988), The Innovative Choice : An Economic Analysis of the Dynamics of Technology, Basil Blackwell, Oxford.
Andersen, E. S., et al (1981a) International Specialisation and the Home Market: An Empirical Analysis, Aalborg University Press, Aalborg.
Andersen, E. S., et Lundvall, B. A. (1988), “Small national systems of innovation facing technological revolutions: an analytical framework “, in C. Freeman, et Lundvall, B. A. (org.) (1988), pp. 9-36.
Angrist, J. D. et Krueger, A. B. (1991), “Does compulsory school attendance affect schooling and earnings?”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106, pp. 979-1014.
Antonelli, C., Petit P., et Tahar, G. (1992), The Economics of Industrial Modernization, Londres, Academic Press Limited.
Archibugi, D. et Lundvall, B.-A (eds), (2001), Europe in the Globalising Learning Economy. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Archibugi, D., et Michie, J., (1995), “The globalization of technology : a new taxonomy”, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 19 (1).
Archibugi, E., et Michie, J. (eds), (1977), Technology, Globalisation and Economic Performance, Cambridge University Press.
Arocena, R., et Sutz, J., (2000), “Interactive learning spaces and development policies in Latin America. DRUID Working Paper 00-13, Department of Business Studies, Aalborg.
Arrow, K. J. (1962), “The economic Implications of learning by Doing”, Review of economic Studies, XXIX (3), 80, pp. 155-173.
Arrow, K. J. (1973), “Higher education as a filter”, Journal of Public Economics, 2, pp. 193-216.
Arthur; W.B. (1988),”Competing technologies: an overview”, in Dosi, G. et al (org.) (1988), pp.116-131.
Arundel, A. et Bordoy, C. (2002), Methodological Evaluation of DG Research’s Composite Indicators for the Knowledge-based Economy. University of Maastricht/MERIT, Maastricht.
Asplund, R et Pereira, P. (éd), (1999), Returns to Human Capital in Europe: a literature Review, ETLA – The Research Institute of the Finish Economy, Taloustieto Oy.
Balzat, M., (2002), “The theoretical basis and the empirical treatment of national innovation systems,” University of Augsburg (Germany), Economics Department, Discussion Paper Series, Number 232.
Balzat, M., (2003), “Benchmarking in the context of national innovation systems: purpose and pitfalls. “University of Augsburg (Germany), Institute for Economics, Discussion Paper Series, Number 238.
Balzat, M., et Hanusch M., (2003), “Recent trend in research on national innovation systems.” University of Augsburg, Economics Department, Discussion Paper Series, Number 254.
Barata, J. M. M. (1992), “Inovação e desenvolvimento tecnológico: conceitos, modelos e medidas. Pistas para a investigação aplicada.”, Estudos de Economia, vol XII, nº 2.
Barbosa, A. P. (1997), Economia Pública, McGraw-Hill, Portugal.
Barré, R., (2001), “Sense and nonsense of S&T productivity indicators”, Science and Public Policy 28 , (4), pp. 259-266.
Barro R. J. (1990), “Government Spending in a Simple Model of Endogenous Growth”, Journal of Political Economy, vol. 98, nº 5, pp. 103-125.
Barro, R. J. (1991), “Economic growth in a cross section of countries”, Quartely Journal of Economics, 106 (2), pp. 407-443.
Barro, R. J., et X. Sala-I-Martin (1995), Economic Growth, Nova Iorque, McGraw-Hill.
Barro, R.J. et J.W. Lee (1993), “International comparisons of educational attainment”, Journal of Monetary Economics, 32, pp. 363-394.
Barry, F. N., Crespo, J. et Fontoura M. P. (2003), “EU enlargement and the portuguese economy”, FCT/MCT, pp.1-33.
Bartel, A et Lichtenberg, F. (1987), “The comparative advantage of educated workers in implementing new technology”, Review of Economics and Statistics, vol.69, nº1, pp.01-11.
Bassanini, A. et Scarpetta, S. (2001), “Does human capital matter for growth in OECD countries? Evidence from pooled mean-group estimates”, Documents de travail du Département des Affaires Économiques de l’OCDE, nº 282.
Becker, G. (1962), “Investment in human capital : a theoretical analysis”, Journal of Political Economy, vol.70, pp.9-44.
Becker, G. et B.R. Chiswick (1966), Education and the distribution of earnings (in the economics of education)”, American Economic Review, 56, nº 1/2, pp. 358-369.
Begg, I., et al (1999), “The impact of specialization in Europe””, in Fagerberg, J., Guerrieri, P. et Verspagen, B. (eds), The Economic Challenge for Europe, Aldershot. Edward Elgar.
Behrman, J. R. et Stacey, N. (1997), The Social Benefits of Education. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.
Benchmarking National R&D Policies, (2002), STRATA-ETAN expert working group, Human Resources in RTD (including attractiveness of S & T professions.
Benhabib, J. et Spiegel, M. M. (1994), “The role of human capital in economic development: evidence from aggregate cross-country data”, Journal of Monetary Economics, 34 (2), pp. 143-173.
Bils, M. et Klenow, P. J. (2000), “Does schooling cause growth?”, American Economic Review, 90 (5), pp. 1160-1183.
Blanchflower, D. G. et Oswald, A. J. (2000), “Well-being over time in Britain and the USA”, NBER, Working Papers, nº 7487.
Blaug, M. (1980), The Methodology of Economics, édition française, Paris, Economica, 1982.
Bogan, C., et English, M. J., (1994), Benchmarking for Best Practices. McGraw-hill, New York.
Boyer, R. (1996), “Elements for an institution approach to economics”, mimeo, CEPREMAP.
Boyer, R. (1996), “The convergence hypothesis revisited : globalization but still the century of nations ?”, in Berger, S. et R. Dore (eds.) 1996, National Diversity and Global Capitalism, Ithaca and London, Cornell University Press.
Boyer, R., et Didier, M. (1998), Innovation et Croissance, Paris, La Documentation Française.
Breschi, S et Malerba, F. (1997), “Sectoral innovation systems : technological regimes, Schumpeterian dynamics, spatial boundaries, in Edquist, C. (ed.), 1997, Systems of Innovation : Technologies, Institutions and Organisations. London and Washington : Pinter/Cassel Academic.
Cantwell, J. A., (1995), “The globalisation of technology : what remains of the product cycle model ?», Cambridge Journal of Economics, 19 (1), pp. 155-174.
Cappelen, A., Fagerberg, J. et Verspagen, B. (1999), “Lack of regional convergence”, in Fagerberg, J., Guerrieri, P. et Verspagen, B. (eds), The Economic Challenge for Europe, Aldershot. Edward Elgar.
Caraça, J. (1993), Do saber ao Fazer . Porquê organizar a Ciência ?, Lisboa, Gradiva.
Caraça, J. (2001), Ciência, Quimera (1996), Lisboa.
Caraça, J. et Godinho, M. M. (org), (1999), O Futuro Tecnológico: Perspectivas para a Inovação em Portugal, Celta Editora, Oeiras.
Card, D. (1999), “The causal effect of education on earnings”, dans O.C. Ashenfelter et D. Card (éd) Handbook of Labor Economics, vol. 3A, North-Holland, Amsterdam.
Carlsson, B. (ed.) (1997), Technological Systems and Industrial Dynamics, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, Dordrecht, London.
Carlsson, B. et Eliasson G. (1994),”The nature and importance of economic competence”. Ind. Corp. Change 3 (1), pp. 687-711.
Carlsson, B. et Stankiewicz, R. (1995), “On the nature, function and composition of technological systems, in Carlsson, B. (ed.), 1997.
Carlsson, B. Jacobsson S., Holmén M., et Rickne, A. (2002), “Innovation systems : analytical and methodological issues.” in: Research Policy 31 (2), pp. 233-245.
Carlsson, B., (éd), (1995), Technological Systems and economic Performance- The case of Factory Automation. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, Dordrecht, London.
Carneiro, R., Caraça, J. et São Pedro, M. E. (coords) (2001), O Futuro da Educação em Portugal: Tendências e Oportunidades, Ministério da Educação, Lisboa.
Caspar, P., et Afriat, C. (1988), L`Investissement Intellectuel . Essai sur l`Économie de L`immatériel, Paris, Economica.Cervantes, M. et D. Guellec (2002), “Fuite des cerveaux : mythes anciens et réalités nouvelles”, Observateur de l’OCDE.
Caspar, P., et C. Afriat (1988), L`Investissement Intellectuel . Essai sur l`Économie de l`Immatériel, Paris, Economica.
Ciccone, A., Peri, G. et Almond, D, (1999), “Capital, wages and growth : theory and evidence”, CEPR Discussion Papers nº 2199.
Coe, D.T. et Helpman, E. (1993), “International R&D Spillovers”, National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper, nº 4444.
Cohen, D. et Soto, M. (2001), “Growth and human capital. Good data, good results”. CEPR Discussion Paper nº 3025.
Coleman, J., (1990), Foundations of Social Theory. Harvard University Press, London.
Conceição, Diamantino et al (1998), Novas Ideias para a Universidade, IST Press, Lisboa.
Conceição, P. et Ávila, P. (2001), A Inovação em Portugal. Segundo Inquérito Comunitário às Actividades de Inovação, Celta Editora, Oeiras.
Conceição, P. et Heitor, M. (1998), “Reflexões sobre o papel da Universidade nas economias baseadas no conhecimento”, Colóquio Educação e Sociedade, Lisboa : Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, (2), pp. 70-98.
Conceição, P., Gibson, D. V., Heitor, M. V., et Lundvall, B. A. (2001), Innovation, Competence Building, and Social Cohesion in Europe : Towards a Learning Society, Edward Elgar, London.
Cornes, R. et Sandler, T. (1986), The Theory of Externalities, Public Goods, and Club Goods, Cambridge University Press.
Costa, A. F. et al (2002), Públicos de Ciência em Portugal, col. Trajectos nº 52, Gradiva, Lisboa.
Dahmén, E. (1970), Entrepreneurial Activity and the Development of Swedish Industry 1919-1939, American Economic Association Translations Series, Homewood.
Dahmén, E. (1989), in Carlsson, B. (ed.), Development Blocks in Industrial Economics, pp. 109-121.
Dalum, B. et al (1998), “Structural Change in OECD Specialisation Patterns: Specialisation and «Stickiness»”, Int. Rev. Appl. Econ. 12 (3).
Dalum, B. et al (1999), “Changing the regional system of innovation”, in J.Fagerberg, Guerrieri, P., Verspagen, B. (eds), The Economic Challenge for Europe. Edward Elgar: Cheltenham, pp. 175-199.
Dasgupta, P. et David, P. (1994), Towards a New Economics of Science, Research Policy, 23, pp. 487-521.
David, P. A. (1985), “Clio and the economics of qwerty”, American Economic Review, LXXV (2), pp 332-337.
David, P. A. (2003), “Knowledge, capabilities and Human Capital Formation Economic Growth, NZ Treasury Working Paper, 01/03.
David, P. A. et Foray, D. (1995), Acessing and expanding the science and technology knowledge base, STI Review, 16, pp. 13-68.
De La Fuente, A. et Ciccone, A. (2002), “Le capital humain dans une économie mondiale fondée sur la connaissance – Rapport final, Instituto de Análisis Económico (CSIC), Barcelona.
De La Fuente, A. et Domenech, R. (2000), “Human capital in growth regressions: how much difference does data quality make?”, manuscript, CSIC, Campus de la Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona.
Debresson, C. et Townsend (1978), “Notes on the inter-industrial flow of technology in post-war Britain”, Research Policy, vol. 7, pp. 48-60.
Denison, E. (1962), The sources of Economic Growth in the United States. Committee for Economic Development, New York.
Denison, E. (1967), Why Growth Rates Differ: Postwar Experience in Nine Western Countries, Washington, The Brookings Institution.
Dias, A. M. (1992), “Avaliação do QCA do Lado da Oferta”, mimeo, DPP, Lisboa.
Domar E. D. (1942) “Expansion et Croissance”, repris par Abraham-Frois, G. (ed.), Problématiques de la Croissance Économique, Paris, 1974.
Dosi, G. (1984), Technical Change and Industrial Transformation, Londres, MacMillan.
Dosi, G. (1988), “The nature of innovative processs”, in Dosi, G. et al (org), 1988, pp. 221-238.
Dosi, G. (1996), The contribution of economic theory to the understanding of a knowlwdge-based economy theory, employment and growth in the knowledge- based economy, Paris, OCDE.
Dosi, G. et al., (eds), (1988), Technical Change and Economic Theory, London, Frances Pinter.
Dosi, G. et Orsenigo, L. (1988), “Coordination and transformation: an overview of structures, behaviours and change in evolutionary environments”, in Dosi, G. et al (org) (1988), pp. 13-37.
Dosi, G. Freeman C. Nelson, R. Silverberg G. et Soete, L., (eds) (1988), Technical Change and Economic Theory, Pinter, London.
Dufourt, Daniel (1995), “ Introduction – économie de l’organisation réticulaire “, Economies et Sociétés, Collection Dynamique Technologique et Organisation, série w, nº 9, pp. 5-15.
Easterlin, R. A. (1981), “Why isn’t the whole world developed?”, The Journal of Economic History, 41 (1), pp. 1-19.
EC (2001), “Structural Indicators”, EC.
Edquist, C. (1994), “Technology policy: the interaction between governments and markets”, in G. Aichholzer and G. Schienstock (eds), Technology Policy : Towards an Integration of Social and Ecological Concerns. Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter.
Edquist, C. (1997), “Systems of innovation approaches. Their emergence and characteristics.” in Edquist, C. (ed) (1997) Systems of Innovation : Technologies, Institutions and Organizations, London: Pinter/Cassel.
Edquist, C. (2001), “The system of innovation approach and innovation policy: an account of the state of the art.” Paper presented at the DRUID Conference , Aalborg.
Edquist, C. et Johnson, B. (1997), “Institutions and organizations in systems of innovation”, in Edquist, C. (ed) Systems of Innovation: Technologies, Institutions and Organizations, London: Pinter/Cassel.
Edquist, C. et Riddelll, C., (2000), “The role of knowledge and innovation for economic growth and employment in the IT era” in K. Rubenson et Schuetze, H. (eds) Transition to the Knowledge Society, Ottawa.
Edquist, C., et Lundvall, B. A., (1993), “Comparing the danish and swedish systems of innovation”, in Nelson (org), 1993, pp. 265-298.
Edquist, C., McKelvey, M., (2000a), Systems of Innovation: Growth, Competitiveness and Employment. Volume I, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
Edquist, C., McKelvey, M., (2000b), Systems of Innovation: Growth, Competitiveness and Employment. Volume II, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
Eliasson, G., Eliasson, A., (1997), “The biotechnological competence bloc”, Revue d’Economie Industrielle, vol. 78, nº4.
Engelbrecht, H. J. (1997), “International R&D spillovers, human capital and productivity in OECD economies: an empirical investigation”, European Economic Review, 41, pp. 1479-1488.
Englander, A. S. et Gurney, A. (1994), “La productivité dans la zone de l’OCDE: les determinants à moyen terme", Révue Économique de l’OCDE, nº 22, pp 49-109.
Eurobarometer (2001), Europeans, Science and Technology – Public Understanding of Science and Attitudes, European Commission, Brussels.
European Commission (1995), Green Paper on Innovation, Brussels, EC.
European Commission (2001), Towards a European Research Area: Science, Technology and Innovation, Key Figures 2001. European Commission, Brussels.
European Commission (2002a), Benchmarking national research policies : The impact of RTD on Competitiveness and Employment (IRCE).
European Commission (2002b), Towards a European Research Area: Science, Technology and Innovation, Key Figures 2002. European Commission, Brussels.
European Commission (2003), Third European Report on Science and Technology Indicators, Brussels. CEC.
European Commission (2003), 2003 European Innovation Scoreboard, Technical Paper nº 6, Methodology Report.
Fagerberg, J, (1987), “A technology gap approach to why growth rates differ”, Research Policy, XVI.
Fagerberg, J, (1994), “Technology and international differences in growth rates”, Journal of Economic Literature, XXXII, pp. 1147-1175.
Fagerberg, J. et al (org), (1994), The Dynamics of Technology, Trade and growth, Aldershot, Edward Elgar.
Fagerberg, J., Guerrieri, P. et Verspagen, B.(eds), (1999), The Economic Challenge for Europe, Aldershot,. Edward Elgar.
Finigold, D. et Soskice, D. (1988), “The failure of training in Britain : analysis and prescription”, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 4, pp.21-53.
Foray, D., (2000), Économie de la Connaissance, La Découverte.
Fransman, M., (1995), “Is national technology policy obsolete in a globalised world? The japonese response”, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 19 (1), pp. 95-120.
Freeman, C, (1982), The Economics of Industrial Innovation, London, Pinter Publishers, second edition.
Freeman, C. (1984), “Prometheus unbound”, Futures, pp. 494-507.
Freeman, C. (1987), Technology Policy and Economic Performance: Lessons from Japan, London and N.York, Pinter Publishers.
Freeman, C. (1988), “Japan : a new national system of innovation?», Dosi et al. (org), 1988, pp. 340-48.
Freeman, C. (1995a), “History, co-evolution and economic growth”, Working Paper, 95-76, IIASA, Austria.
Freeman, C. (1995b), “The national system of innovation in historical perspective”, Cambridge Journal of Economics, XIX, pp. 5-24.
Freeman, C. et al (1982), Unemployment and Technical Innovation- A Study of Long Waves and economic Development, Pinter publishers, London.
Freeman, C. et G.Oldman (1991), “Introduction: beyond the single market”, in C. Freeman, M. Sharp, et W. Walker (org) (1991), pp 3-17.
Freeman, C. et Lundvall, B. A., (eds), (1988), Small Countries Facing the Techonological Revolution, London, Frances Pinter.
Freeman, C. et Perez, C., (1988), “Structural crises of adjustment : business cycles and investment behaviour», in Dosi et al. (org), 1988, pp. 38-66.
Freeman, C. et Soete, L. (org) (1987), Technical Change and Full Employment, Oxford, Basil Blackwell.
Freeman, C. et Soete, L. (1997), The Economics of Industrial Innovation, London and Washington, Pinter, third edition.
Freitas, V. et Amaral, C. (1994), “Metodologias de estimação do stock de capital: aplicação do método do inventário permanente ao caso português”, Planeamento, vol. 16, pp. 105-126.
Fukuyama, F. (1995), Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity. Hamish Hamilton, London.
Furman et al (2002), “The determinants of national innovative capacity”, Research Policy, 31 (6), pp. 899-933.
Gago, J. M. (1990), Manifesto para a Ciência em Portugal, Lisboa, Gradiva.
Gemmell, N. (1996), “Evaluating the impacts of human capital stocks and accumulation on economic growth: some new evidence”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 58 (1), pp. 9-28.
Godinho, M. M. et Caraça, J. (1988) “Inovação tecnológica e difusão no contexto de economias de desenvolvimento intermédio”, Análise Social, XXIV (103-104).
Godinho, M. M., Mendonça, J. et Pereira, P. (2003), “Mapping innovation systems : a framework based on innovtion data and indicators”. Paper presented to the first Globelics Conference – “Innovation systems and development strategies for the third millenium”. Rio de Janeiro.
Gomulka, S. (1971), Inventive Activity, Diffusion, and the Stages of Economic Growth, University of Arhus.
Gomulka, S. (1990), The Theory of Technical Change and Economic Growth, London, Routledge.
Gonçalves, F. et Caraça, J. (1986), “A mutação tecnológica e o potencial inovador da indústria transformadora”, Análise Social, XXII (90).
Gonçalves, M. E. (Coord) (1993), Comunidade Científica e Poder, ed. 70, Lisboa.
Gonçalves, M. E. (org) (2000), Cultura Científica e Participação Pública, Celta Editora, Oeiras.
Gonçalves, M. E. (org) (2002), Os Portugueses e a Ciência, Col. Nova Enciclopédia nº 65, Publicações Dom Quixote, Lisboa.
Gonçalves, V. B. et Caraça, J. (1984), “Os recursos humanos e o esforço nacional em R&D “, Análise Social, vol. XX, nº 80, pp.115-124.
Gort, M. et Klepper, S. (1992), “Time paths in the diffusion of product innovation», The Economic Journal, vol. 92 pp. 630-53.
Griliches, Z. (1996), “The discovery of the residual : a historical note”, Journal of Economic Literature, XXXIV, pp.1324-1330.
Griliches, Z. (1997), “Education, human capital, and growth: a personal perspective”, Journal of Labor Economics, 15 (1), pp. S330-S334.
Griliches, Z. et Jorgenson, D. W. (1967), “The explanation of productivity change”, Review of Economic Studies, XXXIV, pp. 249-283.
Grossman, G. et Helpman, E. (1991), “Quality ladders in the theory of growth”, Review of Economic Studies, 58, pp.43-61.
Guilhon, Bernard (2001), Technology and Markets for Knowledge- knowledge creation, diffusion and exchange within a growth economy, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Guellec, D. et Cervantes, M. (2002), “International mobility of highly skilled workers : from statistical analysis to policy formulation”, OECD Proceedings, pp. 71-98.
Guellec, D. et Ralle (1995), Les Nouvelles Théories de la Croissance, Paris, La Découverte.
Guimarães, R. A. (1998), Política Industrial e Tecnológica e Sistemas de Inovação, Oeiras, Celta.
Hanushek, E. A. et Kimbo, D. D. (2000), “Schooling, labor force quality, and the growth of nations”, American Economic Review, 90 (5), pp. 1184-1208.
Harris, J. R. (1998), Industrial Espionage and Technology Transfer, Britain and France in the Eighteenth Century, Ashgate, Aldershot.
Hartog, J., Pereira, P. et Vieira, J. (2001), “Changing returns to education in Portugal during the 1980s and early 1990s: OLS and quantile regression estimators”, Applied Economics 33 (8), pp. 1027-1037.
Hirschman, A. O. (1958), The Strategy of Economic Development, Clinton Man: Yale University Press.
Hodgson, G. et Screpanti, E. (eds) (1991), Rethinking Economics : Markets, Techonology and Economic Evolution, Aldershot, Edward Elgar.
Hodgson, Geoffrey M. (1994), Economia e Instituições – Manifesto por uma Economia Institucionalista Moderna , Oeiras, Celta Editora.
Howells, J. et Wood, M. (1993), The Globalisation of production and Technology, London, Belhaven Press.
IMD, (2002), The World Competitiveness Yearbook, 2002, IMD.
Intarakumnerd, P, Chairatana, P. A. et Tangchitboon, T. (2002), “National innovation systems in less successful developing countries: the case of Thailand”, Research Policy 31, (8-9), pp. 1445- 1457.
Jacobs, J. (1969), The Economy of Cities, Random House, New York.
Jeremy, D. (1981), Transatlantic Industrial Revolution: The Diffusion of Textile Technology Between Britain and America, 1790-1830’s, Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA.
Jesuíno, J. C. et al (1995), A Comunidade Científica Portuguesa nos finais do século XX. Comportamentos, Atitudes e Expectativas, Celta Editora, Oeiras.
Johnson, A. (1998), Functions in Innovation System approaches, Mimeo, Department of Industrial Dynamics, Chalmers University of Technology.
Johnson, A. et Jacobsson, S. (2000), “The emergence of a growth industry: A comparative analysis of the German, Dutch and Swedish Wind Turbine industries”, paper presented at the Schumpeter Conference in Manchester 2000.
Johnson, B. (1992), “Institutional Learning”. In Lundvall, B. A. (éd), National innovation Systems : Towards A Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning. Pinter, London.
Johnson, J. (2001), “Trends in Higher Education in Science and Engineering”. : International Higher Education. The Boston College for International Higher Education, nº 24, pp. 4-5.
Jorgenson, D. et Yip, E. (1999), “Whatever happened to productivity growth?”, manuscript, Harvard University.
Jorgenson, D., Gollop, F. M. et Fraumeni, B. M. (1987), Productivity and US Economic Growth, Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
Juma C. et al ((2001), “Global governance of technology: meeting the needs of developing countries”, International Journal of technology Management, vol. 22, nºs 7/8.
Kaldor, N. (1957), “A model of economic growth”, The Economic Journal, LXVII, (268), pp. 591-624.
Kaldor, N. (1961), “Capital Acumulation and Economic Growth”, Lutz F A et Hague D C (eds), The Theory of Capital, London, Macmillan.
Kendrick, J. W. (1994), “Total capital and economic growth”, Atlantic Economic Journal, 22 (1), pp. 1-18.
Keynes, J. M. (1936), Théorie générale de l’emploi, de l’intérêt et de la monnaie, Petite bibliothèque Payot, Paris, 1936.
Kirzner, I. M. (1979), Perception, Opportunity and Profit : Studies in the Theory of Entrepreneurship. Chicago University Press, Chicago.
Klein, B. H. (1991), “The role of positive sum games in economic growth», The Economic Journal , vol. 92, pp. 173-188.
Kleinknecht, A. (2000), “Indicators of manufacturing and service innovation : their strengths and weaknesses”, in Metcalfe, J. S., Miles, I (eds.) Innovation Systems in the Service Economy : Measurement and Case Study Analysis,. Kluwer, Boston.
Kline, S. J., and Rosenberg, N. (1986), “An overview of innovation”, in Landau, R. et Rosenberg, N. (org) (1986), pp. 275-305.
Krueger, A. B. et Lindahl, M. (1999), “Education for growth in Sweden and the world”, NBER Working Papers nº 7190.
Kuhn, T. S. (1992), A Estrutura das Revoluções Científicas, Ed. Perspectiva, 3ª ed., S. Paulo.
Landes, D. S. (2001), A Riqueza e a Pobreza das Nações : porque são algumas tão ricas e outras tão pobres, col. Trajectos, nº 49, Gradiva, Lisboa.
Le Bas, C. (1995), Economie de L`innovation, col. Économie de Poche, nº 19, Paris, Ed. Economica.
Le Bas, C. (2001), Technologies, Organisation, Connaissances. L’Harmattan. Ouvrage édité en collaboration avec In B. Guilhon, M. Catin.
Le Bas, C. (2004), “ Représentation du marché et compréhension des marches de connaissances, in L’Économie Fondée sur la Connaissance, M. Baslé et M. Renault éditeurs, Economica.
Le Bas, C. (2004), “La croissance des économies fondées sur les connaisances : information, codification, specialisation”, Annales de l’Université Royale de Droit et des Sciences Économiques de Phnom Penh (Cambodge).
Leibenstein, H. (1976), Beyond Economic Man. A New Foundation for Microeconomics: Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
Leontief, W. (1941), The Structure of American Economy, 1919-1929. An Empirical Application of Equilibrium Analysis. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
Linder, S. B. (1961), An Essay on Trade and Transformation. Wiley, New York.
Lipsey, R. (1999), “Fontes de dinamismo económico permanente de longo-prazo no século XXI”, OCDE- O Futuro da Economia global, 1999.
List, F. (1841), The National System of Political Economy , Longman, London, 1904.
Liu, X. et White, S. (2001), “Comparing innovation systems: a framework and application to China’s transitional context”, Research Policy 30 (69, pp.1091-1114.
Lucas, R. E. (1988), “On the mechanisms of economic development”, Journal of Monetary Economics, XXII, pp. 3-42.
Lucas, R. E. (1990), “Why doesn’t capital flow from rich to poor countries?”, American Economic Review, 80 (2), pp. 92-96.
Lundvall, B. A. (1988), “Innovation as an interactive process: from user-producer interaction to the national system of innovation”, in Dosi, G. et al (org) ,1988, pp.349-369.
Lundvall, B. A. (2000), “Innovation policy and knowledge management in the learning economy-the interplay between firm strategies and national systems of competence building and innovation, Mimeo, Department of Business Studies, Aalborg University.
Lundvall, B. A. (2001), Innovation, Growth and Social Cohesion: The Danish Model. Edward Elgar, London.
Lundvall, B. A. (ed) (1992), National Systems of Innovation: Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning, London, Pinter Publishers.
Lundvall, B. A. et al (2002), “National systems of production, innovation and competence building, Research Policy 31 , pp. 213-231.
Lundvall, B. A. et Borrás, S. (1997), The globalizing learning economy. Implications for innovation policy, European Commission.
Lundvall, B. A. et Johnson, B., (1994), “The learning economy”, J. Ind. Stud. 1 (2), pp. 23-42.
Lundvall, B. A. et Tomlinson, M. (2002), “International benchmarking as a policy learning tool”, in Rodrigues, M. J. (ed.), 2002, The New Knowledge Economy in Europe: A Strategy for International Competitiveness and Social Cohesion. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
Maddison, A. (1991), Dynamic Forces in Capitalist Development, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Maddison, A. (1995), L’Économie Mondiale: 1820-1920: Analyse et Statistiques, Paris, OCDE.
Mahroum, Sami (1999), “Highly Skilled Globetrotters : The International Migration of Human Capital”, DSTI/STP/TIP (99)2/FINAL, pp. 168-185.
Main Science and Technology Indicators 2001-2 (2001). OECD, Paris.
Malerba, F. (2002), “Sectoral systems of innovation and production”, Research Policy, 31 (2), pp. 247-264.
Malerba, F. et Orsenigo, L. (1990), “Technological regimes and patterns of innovation : a theoretical and empirical investigation of the Italien case”, in : Heertje, A., Perlman, M. (eds.), Evolving Technology and Market Structure, Michigan University Press, Ann Arbor, pp. 283-305.
Malerba, F. et Orsenigo, L. (1993), “Technological regimes and firm behavior”. Ind. Corp. Change 2 (1), pp. 47-65.
Malerba, F. et Orsenigo, L. (1995), “Schumpeterian patterns of innovation” Camb. J. Econ. 19 (1), pp. 47-65.
Mankiw, N. G., Romer, P. et Weil, D. (1992), “A contribution to the empirics of economic growth “, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107, pp. 407-437.
Mansfield, E. (1961), “Technical change and the rate of imitation”, Econometrica, XXIX (4), ‘pp. 741-766.
Martins, P. (2000) “Avaliação e reforma do sistema educativo português”, Diário Económico (27 Novembro).
McCombie, J. S. L. (1983), ”Kaldor’s law in retrospect”, Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, V (3), pp. 414-429.
McKelvey, M. (1991), “How do national systems of innovation differ? A critical analysis of Porter, Freeman, Lundvall and Nelson”, in Hodgson and Screpanti (eds).
Mendonça (2001), “O Benchmarking como ferramenta de gestão de inovação”, Economia e Prospectiva, nºs 15/16, Lisboa, Jan/Jun, 2001.
Menzies, M. (2003), “Human Capital Development” Research, Science and Technology, Literature Review (work in progress).
Metcalfe, J. S. (1995), “Technology systems and technology policy in an evolutionary framework”, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 19 (1), pp. 25-46.
Metcalfe, J. S. (2001), Institutions and Progress. In: Industrial and Corporate Change, vol 10, pp. 561-586.
Mincer, J. (1969), “Schooling, age and earnings”, Human Capital and Personal Income Distribution, NBER in progress.
Mincer, J. (1996), “Economic development, growth of human capital, and the dynamics of the wage structure”, Journal of Economic Growth, 1 (1), pp.29-48.
Moura, F. et Caraça, J. (1993), “A aposta no saber: a ciência e o desenvolvimento”, Análise Social, vol. XXVIII, nº 120, pp. 135-144.
Mowery, D. C., et Rosenberg, N. (1979), “The influence of market demand upon innovation : a critical review of some empirical studies”, Research Policy, VIII, pp.103-153.
Mytelka, L. (2001), “Promoting scientific and technological knowledge for sustainable development”, paper for the third UN Conference on Least Developed Countries, Round Table : “Education for All and Sustainable Development in LDCs”.
Nahlinder, J. (2002), “Innovation in KIBS- state of the art and conceptualisations, SIRP seminar.
Nelson, R. R. (1973), “Recent exercises in growth accounting : new understanding or dead end ?” The American Economic Review, LXIII, (3), pp. 462-468.
Nelson, R. R. (1981), “Research on productivity growth and productivity differences : dead ends and new departures”, Journal of Economic Literature, 29, pp. 1029-64.
Nelson, R. R. (1987), Understanding Technical Change as an Evolutionary Process, North Holland, Amsterdam.
Nelson, R. R. (1988), “Institutions supporting technical change in the United States”, in Dosi, G. et al (org),1988, pp. 312-329.
Nelson, R. R. (1992), National Innovation Systems: a comparative analysis, Oxford Universty Press.
Nelson, R. R. (org) (1993), National Innovation Systems: A Comparative Analysis, N. York, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Nelson, R. R. et Phelps, E. (1966), “Investment in humans, technological diffusion and economic growth”, The American Economic Review, Vol. LVI, nº 2, pp. 69-75.
Nelson, R. R. et Romer, P. (1996), Science, Economic growth , and Public Policy, in Smith, B. L. R. , Barfield, C. E., Technology, R&D, and the Economy, Washington, D.C., Brookings.
Nelson, R. R. et Rosenberg, N. (1993), “Technical innovation and national systems”, in: Nelson, R. R. (ed.), National Innovation Systems: a comparative analysis. New York, Oxford: Oxford University.
Nelson, R. R. et Winter, S. (1974), “Neoclassical vs. evolutionary theories of economic growth: critique and prospectus”, The Economic Journal, LXXXIV, pp. 886-905.
Nelson, R. R. et Winter, S. (1977), “In search of useful theory of innovation”, Research Policy, VI (1), pp. 36-76.
Nelson, R. R. et Winter, S. (1982), An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change, Cambridge, Mass./London, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, XIV.
Niosi, J. (2002), “National systems of innovations are “x-efficient” and x-effective- Why some are slow learners”, Research Policy, 31 (2), pp. 291-302.
Niosi, J. et al (1993), “National systems of innovation in search of a workable concept”, Technology in Society, vol. 15 (2), pp. 207-227.
Niosi, J. et Bellon B. (1994), “The global interdependence of national innovation systems . evidence, limits, and implications”, Technology in Society vol. 16 (2), pp. 173-97.
Niosi, J., Saviotti, P., Bellon, B. et Crow, M. (1993), “National systems of innovation: in search of a workable concept”, Technology in Society, XV, pp. 207-227.
North D. (1990), Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
NSF (National Science Foundation), (2002), Science and Engineering Indicators 2002, National Science Board,Arlington, Virginia.
OCDE (1988), New Technologies in the 1990’s: A Sócio-Economic Strategy, Sundquist Report, Paris, OCDE.
OCDE (1992), La Technologie et L’Économie : Les Relations Déterminantes, Paris, OCDE.
OCDE (1993), Reviews of National Science and Technology Policy-Portugal, OCDE, Paris.
OCDE (1994), The OECD Jobs Study, Paris, OCDE.
OCDE (1995), Manuel de Canberra, Paris, OCDE.
OCDE (1996), Perspectives de l’emploi de l’OCDE, Paris.
OCDE (1997), Manuel d’Oslo, CE, Eurostat.
OCDE (1998), L’investissement dans le capital humain : une comparaison internationale, Centre for Educational Research and Innovation, OCDE, Paris.
OCDE (2000a), Regards sur l’éducation, OCDE, Paris.
OCDE (2000b), Perspectives Économiques de l’OCDE, nº 68, Paris.
OCDE (2002), Manuel de Frascati, OCDE, Paris.
OCT (2002), Sociedade da Informação – Principais Indicadores Estatísticos, 1995-2001, Portugal.
OECD (1994), Acessing and expanding the science and technology knowledge-base, Paris, OCDE.
OECD (1998), Technology, Productivity and Job Creation : Best Policy practices. OECD, Paris.
OECD (1999), Managing National Innovation Systems. OECD, Paris.
OECD (2000), Knowledge Management in the Learning Economy. OECD, Paris.
OECD (2000), Knowledge Management in the Learning Society.
OECD (2000), OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard : Towards a Knowledge-Based Economy.
OECD (2000c), A New Economy? The Changing Role of Innovation and Information Technology in Growth, OECD, Paris.
OECD (2001), Cities and Regions in the New Learning Economy.
OECD (2001), The Well-being of Nations, The Role of Human and Social Capital. OECD, Paris.
OECD (2001a), Innovative Clusters : Drivers of national Innovation Systems. OECD, Paris.
OECD (2001b), Innovative Networks : Co-operation in National Innovation Systems, OECD, Paris.
OECD (2001c), Innovative People : Mobility of Skilled Personnel in National Innovation Systems,. OECD, Paris.
OECD (2002), Benchmarking Industry-science Relationships, OECD, Paris.
OECD (2002), Dynamising National Innovation Systems. OECD, Paris.
OECD et Eurostat (1995), Manual on the Measurement of Human Resources Devoted to S&T- Canberra Manual, Paris.
Oliveira, Luis Valente (2001), “ O sistema português de inovação : forças e fraquezas”, Economia & Prospectiva, nº 12, Jul/Set, pp. 23-41.
Ohkawa, K. et Rosovsky, H. (1973), Japanese Economic Growth , Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Paasi, M. (1998), “Efficiency of innovation systems in the transition countries,”, Economic Systems 22, (3), pp. 217-234.
Pack, H. (1994), “Endogenous growth theory : intellectual appeal and empirical shortcomings”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, VIII (1), pp.55-72.
Papageorgiou, J. C. (1997), “Trends in R&D human resources and funding in the major industrialized countries”, IJTM, Special Issue on R&D Management, pp. 874-894.
Pasinetti, L. L. (1981), Structural Change and Economic Growth , Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Patel, P. (1995), “Localised production of technology for global markets”. Cambridge Journal of Economics 19, pp. 141- 153.
Patel, P. et Pavitt, K. (1991), “Large firms in the production of the world`s technology : an important case of «non-globalisation»”, Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 22 (1), pp. 1-22.
Pavitt, K. (1992), “Internationalization of technological innovation”, Science and Public Policy, vol. 19 (2), pp. 119-23.
Pereira, P. et Martins, P. (2001a), “Returns to education and wage equations”, mimeo, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa.
Pereira, P. et Martins, P. (2001b), “Schooling and wage risk”, mimeo, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa.
Pereira, P. et Martins, P. (2002), “Education and earnings in Portugal”, paper presented to the Bank of Portugal Conference “Desenvolvimento Económico Português no Espaço Europeu”.
Perez, C. (1983), “Structural change and assimilation of new technologies in the economic and social systems”, Futures, XV (5).
Perez, C. (1988), “New technologies and development”, in Freeman, C. et Lundvall, B. A. (org) (1988).
Pina, A. et St. Aubyn, M. (2002), “Public capital, human capital and economic growth: Portugal 1977-2001”, Departamento de Prospectiva e Planeamento, Ministério das Finanças.
PISA (2000), Knowledge and Skills for Life, OECD.org
Porter, M. E. (1990), “The competitive advantage of nations”, Harvard Business Review, pp. 73-93.
Porter, M. E. (1990), The Competitive Advantage of Nations, London and Basingstoke, The MacMillan Press, XV.
Porter, M. E. et Stern, S. (2002), National Innovative Capacity, World Economic Forum, 2002, The Global competitiveness Report 2001-02, Oxford University Press, New York.
Posner, M.V. (1961), “International trade and technical change”, Oxford Economic Papers, XIII, 3.
Pritchett, L. (1996), “Where has all the education gone? “, World Bank Policy Research Department Working Papers, nº 1581.
Proinov (2002), Competitividade, e Inovação na Coesão – Relatório de Fundamentação do Programa Integrado de Apoio à Inovação, Presidência do Conselho de Ministros, Lisboa.
Quiggin, J. (1999), “Human capital theory and education policy in Australia”, Australian Economic Review, 32 (2), pp. 130-144.
Radosevic, S. (1999), “Transformation of science and technology systems into systems of innovation in central and eastern Europe : the emerging patterns and determinants”, Structural Change and Economic Dynamics 10, (3-4), pp. 277-320.
Rauch, J. (1993), “Productivity gains from geographic concentration of human capital : evidence from the cities”, Journal of Urban Economics, 34 (3), pp.380-400.
Redding, S. (1996), “The low-skill, low-quality trap: strategic complementarities between human capital and R&D”, Economic Journal, 106, pp. 458-470.
Reich, R. (1991), The Work of Nations, London, Simon and Schuster.
Rickne, A. (2000), “New technology-based firms and industrial dynamics: Evidence from the technological systems of biomaterials in Sweden, Ohio and Massachusetts, Department of industrial Dynamics, Chalmers University of Technology.
Rodrigues, M. J., Neves, A. et Godinho, M. M. (coord) (2003), Para uma Política de Inovação em Portugal, Biblioteca de Economia e Empresa, nº 72, Publicações Dom Quixote, Lisboa.
Romer, P. M. (1986), “Increasing returns and long-run growth”, Journal of Political Economy, XCIV, 51.
Romer, P. M. (1990), “Endogenous technological change”, Journal of Political Economy, XCVIII, 5, pp. 71-102.
Romer, P. M. (1993a), “Idea gaps and object gaps in economic development”, Journal of Monetary Economics, 32, pp. 543-573.
Romer, P. M. (1993b), “Two strategies for economic development”: using ideas and producing ideas”, in Summers, L. H., Shah, S. (eds), Proceedings of the World Bank Annual Conference on Development Economics 1992, Supplement to the World Bank Economic Review.
Romer, P. M. (1994), “The origins of endogenous growth”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 8, (1), pp. 3-22.
Romer, P. M. (2000), “Should the government subsidize supply or demand in the market for scientists and engineers?”, NBER Working Papers nº 7723.
Ronstadt R. (1984), “R&D abroad by US multinationals”, in R. Stobaugh (éd), Technology Crossing Borders , Harvard Business Review Press, Boston.
Rosenberg, N. (1976), “On technological expectations”, Economic Journal, LXXXVI, (5), pp. 1002-1037.
Rosenberg, N. (1982), Inside the Black Box : Technology and Economic, London, Cambrige University Press, XII.
Rosenzweig, M. (1996), “When investing in education matters and when it does not”, Challenge, pp. 22-29.
Rustichini, A. et Schmitz, J. A. (1991), “Research and imitation in long-run growth”, Journal of Monetary Economics, 27 (2), pp. 271-292.
Sachs, J. et al (2001), “The Geography of Poverty and Wealth”, Scientific American, March.
Sahal, D. (1981),” Alternative conceptions of technology”, Research Policy, X (1).
Salavisa Lança, I. (2001), Mudança Tecnológica e Economia: Crescimento, Competitividade e Indústria em Portugal, Oeiras , Celta Editora.
Salavisa Lança, I. (org) (2000), A Indústria Portuguesa : Especialização Internacional e Competitividade, Oeiras, Celta Editora.
Santos, E. (1984), “O stock de capital na economia portuguesa (1953-1981)”, Documento de Trabalho nº 6, Banco de Portugal.
Saxenian, A. (1994), Regional Advantages, Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
Scarpetta, S., Bassanini, A., Pilat, D. et Schreyer, P. (2000), “Economic growth in the OECD área : recent trends at the aggregate and sectoral level”, Documents de travail du Département des affaires économiques de l’OCDE, nº 248.
Schneider, M. (2001), “Others open doors. How other nations attract international students. Implications for U.S. educational exchange. Open doors on the web”.
Schultz, T. (1961), “Investment in human capital”, The American Economic Review, vol.51, nº1, pp.1-17.
Schultz, T. (1963), The economic value of education, New York: Columbia University Press.
Schultz, T. (1993), “The economic importance of human capital in modernization”, Education Economics, vol. 1 nº1, pp.13-19.
Schumpeter, J. (1939), Business Cycles: A Theoretical, Historical and Statistical Analysis of the Capitalist Process.
Schumpeter, J. (1951), The Theory of Economic Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press.
Sjoberg, S. (1999), Education in science and technology , an international concern- some initiatives. Appendix to the evaluation of the Swedish NOT-Project.
Sjoberg, S. (2001), Science and Technology in education- current challenges and possible solutions. Invited contribution to the Meeting of Ministers of Education and Research in the European Union, Uppsala, Sweden, 2001.
Smith, A. (1776), Inquérito sobre a Natureza e as Causas da Riqueza das Nações, vol. I, II e III, Lisboa: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1981.
Smith, K. (1998), “Innovation as a systemic phenomenon: rethinking the role of policy”. Draft.
Smith, K. (2001), “Cross-country comparisons : Comparing economic performance in the presence of diversity”, Science and Public Policy 28, (4), pp. 267-276.
Soete, L. (2000), “A economia baseada no conhecimento num mundo globalizado: desafios e potencial”, in M. João Rodrigues (coord), Para uma Europa da Inovação e do Conhecimento : Emprego, Reformas e Coesão Social, Oeiras, Celta.
Solow, R. (1956), “A contribution to the theory of economic growth”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, LXX, pp. 65-94.
Solow, R. (1957), “Technical change and the aggregate production function”, Review of Economics and Statistics, XXXIX, pp.312-320.
Solow, R. (1994), “Perspectives on growth theory”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, VIII, 1, pp. 45-54.
Sousa, Alexandre (1997), “Sistema portugês da inovação – imagem para um enquadramento analítico”, Faculdade de Economia do Porto, Investigação- trabalhos em curso nº 71, pp. 1-25.
Stewart, T. A. (1977), Technology and Underdevelopment, London.
Stewart, T. A. (1997), Intelectual Capital, Nicholas Brealey, London.
Stiglitz, J.E. (1975), “The theory of “screening”, education, and the distribution of income”, American Economic Review, 65, pp. 283-300.
Stroombergenen, A. et al (2002), Review of the Statistical Measurement of Human Capital, Statistics New Zealand.
Tavares, L. V. (2000), A Engenharia e a Tecnologia ao Serviço do Desenvolvimento de Portugal, Ed. Verbo, Lisboa.
Teixeira, A(1997), Capacidade de Inovação e Capital Humano. Contributos para o Estudo do Crescimento Económico Português, 1960-1991, Master Thesis, Faculdade de Economia, Universidade do Porto.
Teixeira, A. (1998), “Human capital stock: an estimation of a time series for Portugal”, Estudos de Economia, vol. XVIII, nº 4, pp. 423-441.
Teixeira, A. et Fortuna, N. (2003), “Human capital, innovation capability and economic growth : Portugal, 1960-2001.
Temple, J. R. W. (1999a), “The new growth evidence”, Journal of Economic Literature, 37 (1), pp.112-156.
Temple, J. R. W. (1999b), “A positive effect of human capital growth”, Economic Letters, 65 (1), pp. 131-134.
Temple, J. R. W. (2000), “Growth effects of education and social capital in the OECD countries”, Working Papers, nº 263, OECD Economics Department.
Tomlinson, M. (2001), “A new role for business services in economic growth.” In Archibugi, D. et Lundvall, B. A. (eds), Europe in the Globalising Learning Economy. Oxford University Press.
Topel, R. (1997), “Factor proportions and relative wages: the supply-side determinants of wage inequality”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 11 (2), pp. 55-74.
Tremblay, K. (2002), “Student mobility between and towards OECD countries: a comparative analysis”, OECD Proceedings, pp. 39-70.
UNESCO, (1979), “An introduction to policy analysis in science and technology”, Science Policy Studies and Documents, nº 46, Paris UNESCO.
Uzawa, H. (1965), “Optimum Technical Change in an Aggregative Model of Economic Growth”, International Economic Review 6 (1), pp. 18-31.
Vernon, R. (1966), “International investment and international trade in product cycle”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, LXXX, pp. 190-207.
Verspagen, B. (1993), Uneven Growth Between interdependent economies : A Evolutionary view on technology gaps, trade and growth, Aldershot: Avebury 1993.
Viotti, E. B. (2002), “National learning systems a new approach on technological change in late industrializing economies and evidence from the cases of Brasil and South Corea, in Technological Forecasting & Social Change 69 , (7), pp. 653-680.
Von Hippel, E. (1987), “Cooperation between rivals : informal know-how trading, Research Policy, 16 , pp. 291-302.
Weiss, A. (1995), “Human capital versus signaling explanations of wages”, Journal of Economic Perspectives 9, pp. 133-154.
Wijnberg, N. M. (1994), “National systems of innovation: Selection environments and selection process”, Technology in Society, vol.16, nº 3, pp. 313-320.
Wilson, H. (1993), States and the Economy- Policy-making and Decentralization, Westport, CT, Praeger.
Wolfe, B. et Haverman, R. (2000), Accounting for the social and non-market benefits of education, manuscript, university of Wisconsin-Madison.
Woolcock, M. (1998), “Social capital and economic development: toward a theoretical synthesis and policy framework”. Theory Soc. 27 (2), 151-207.
Wossman (2000), “Specifying human capital : a review, some extensions and development effects”, Kiel Working Paper nº 1007.
Wyckoff, A. (1996), The Growing Strength of Services; OECD Observer, June/July.
Xienlin, Liu et White, S. (2001), “Comparing innovation systems: a framework and application to China’s transitional context”, Research Policy, 30, pp. 1091-1114.