Bibliographie

  1. Abdullaev YG, Bechtereva NP. Neuronal correlate of the higher-order semantic code in human prefrontal cortex in language tasks. Int J Psychophysiol 1993; 14: 167-77.
  2. Abdullaev YG, Posner MI. Event-related brain potential imaging of semantic encoding during processing single words. Neuroimage 1998; 7: 1-13.
  3. Adams MJ. Models of word recognition. Cogn Psychol 1979; 11: 133-76.
  4. Adlard A, Hazan V. Speech perception in children with specific reading difficulties (dyslexia). Q J Exp Psychol A 1998; 51: 153-77.
  5. Alexander MP, Hiltbrunner B, Fischer RS. Distributed anatomy of transcortical sensory aphasia. Arch Neurol 1989; 46: 885-92.
  6. Ans B, Carbonnel S, Valdois S. A connectionnist multiple-trace memory model for polysyllabic word reading. Psychol Rev 1998; 105: 678-723.
  7. Anstis SM. Letter: A chart demonstrating variations in acuity with retinal position. Vision Res 1974; 14: 589-92.
  8. Arroyo S, Lesser RP, Poon WT, Webber WR, Gordon B. Neuronal generators of visual evoked potentials in humans: visual processing in the human cortex. Epilepsia 1997; 38: 600-10.
  9. Aylward EH, Richards TL, Berninger VW, Nagy WE, Field KM, Grimme AC, et al. Instructional treatment associated with changes in brain activation in children with dyslexia. Neurology 2003; 61: 212-9.
  10. Baddeley A. Working Memory. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986.
  11. Baddeley A. Working memory and language: an overview. J Commun Disord 2003; 36: 189-208.
  12. Bakker DJ, Bouma A, Gardien CJ. Hemisphere-specific treatment of dyslexia subtypes: a field experiment. J Learn Disabil 1990; 23: 433-8.
  13. Balota DA. The role of meaning in word recognition. In: Balota DA, Flores d'Arcais GB and Rayner K, editors. Comprehension processing in reading. Hillsdale: Erlbaum, 1990: 9-32.
  14. Balota DA. Visual word recognition: The journey from features to meaning. In: Gernsbacher MA, editor. Handbook of Psycholinguistics. New York: Academic Press, 1994: 303-358.
  15. Barde LH, Thompson-Schill SL. Models of functional organization of the lateral prefrontal cortex in verbal working memory: evidence in favor of the process model. J Cogn Neurosci 2002; 14: 1054-63.
  16. Basser PJ, Mattiello J, LeBihan D. MR diffusion tensor spectroscopy and imaging. Biophys J 1994; 66: 259-67.
  17. Bavelier D, Corina D, Jezzard P, Padmanabhan S, Prinster A, Braun A. Sentence reading: a functional MRI study at 4 tesla. J Cogn Neurosci 1997; 9: 664-686.
  18. Bayard S, Gosselin N, Robert M, Lassonde M. Inter- and intra-hemispheric processing of visual event-related potentials in the absence of the corpus callosum. J Cogn Neurosci 2004; 16: 401-14.
  19. Beauregard M, Chertkow H, Bub D, Murtha S, Dixon R, Evans AC. The neural substrate for concrete, abstract, and emotional word lexica: a positron emission tomography study. J Cogn Neurosci 1997; 9: 441-461.
  20. Beauvois MF, Derouesne J. Phonological alexia: three dissociations. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1979; 42: 1115-24.
  21. Bednarek DB, Saldana D, Quintero-Gallego E, Garcia I, Grabowska A, Gomez CM. Attentional deficit in dyslexia: a general or specific impairment? Neuroreport 2004; 15: 1787-90.
  22. Behrmann M, Geng JJ, Shomstein S. Parietal cortex and attention. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2004; 14: 212-7.
  23. Belin P, Zatorre RJ, Lafaille P, Ahad P, Pike B. Voice-selective areas in human auditory cortex. Nature 2000; 403: 309-12.
  24. Bentin S, Mouchetant-Rostaing Y, Giard MH, Echallier JF, Pernier J. ERP manifestations of processing printed words at different psycholinguistic levels: time course and scalp distribution. J Cogn Neurosci 1999; 11: 235-60.
  25. Besner D, Twilley L, McCann RS, Seergobin K. On the association between connectionism and data: Are a few words necessary? Psychol Rev 1990; 97: 432-446.
  26. Binder JR, Frost JA, Hammeke TA, Bellgowan PS, Springer JA, Kaufman JN, et al. Human temporal lobe activation by speech and nonspeech sounds. Cereb Cortex 2000; 10: 512-28.
  27. Binder JR, McKiernan KA, Parsons ME, Westbury CF, Possing ET, Kaufman JN, et al. Neural correlates of lexical access during visual word recognition. J Cogn Neurosci 2003; 15: 372-93.
  28. Bischoff-Grethe A, Proper SM, Mao H, Daniels KA, Berns GS. Conscious and unconscious processing of nonverbal predictability in Wernicke's area. J Neurosci 2000; 20: 1975-81.
  29. Boder E. Developmental dyslexia: a diagnostic approach based on three atypical reading-spelling patterns. Dev Med Child Neurol 1973; 15: 663-87.
  30. Bonmassar G, Schwartz DP, Liu AK, Kwong KK, Dale AM, Belliveau JW. Spatiotemporal brain imaging of visual-evoked activity using interleaved EEG and fMRI recordings. Neuroimage 2001; 13: 1035-43.
  31. Bookheimer S. Functional MRI of language: new approaches to understanding the cortical organization of semantic processing. Annu Rev Neurosci 2002; 25: 151-88.
  32. Bookheimer S, Zeffiro TA, Blaxton T, Gaillard W, Theodore W. Regional cerebral blood flow during object naming and word reading. Hum Brain Mapp 1995; 3: 93-106.
  33. Booth JR, Burman DD, Meyer JR, Gitelman DR, Parrish TB, Mesulam MM. Modality independence of word comprehension. Hum Brain Mapp 2002; 16: 251-61.
  34. Bottini G, Corcoran R, Sterzi R, Paulesu E, Schenone P, Scarpa P, et al. The role of the right hemisphere in the interpretation of figurative aspects of language. A positron emission tomography activation study. Brain 1994; 117 ( Pt 6): 1241-53.
  35. Bouma H. Visual interference in the parafoveal recognition of initial and final letters of words. Vision Res 1973; 13: 767-82.
  36. Bradlow AR, Kraus N, Nicol TG, McGee TJ, Cunningham J, Zecker SG, et al. Effects of lengthened formant transition duration on discrimination and neural representation of synthetic CV syllables by normal and learning-disabled children. J Acoust Soc Am 1999; 106: 2086-96.
  37. Brambati SM, Termine C, Ruffino M, Stella G, Fazio F, Cappa SF, et al. Regional reductions of gray matter volume in familial dyslexia. Neurology 2004; 63: 742-5.
  38. Breznitz Z, Leikin M. Syntactic processing of Hebrew sentences in normal and dyslexic readers: electrophysiological evidence. J Genet Psychol 2000; 161: 359-80.
  39. Broca P. Remarques sur le siège de la faculté du langage articulé; suivies d'une observation d'aphemie. Bulletin de la société anatomique de Paris 1861; 6: 330-357.
  40. Brown TL, Joneleit K, Robinson CS, Brown CR. Automaticity in reading and the Stroop task: testing the limits of involuntary word processing. Am J Psychol 2002; 115: 515-43.
  41. Brown WS, Bjerke MD, Galbraith GC. Interhemispheric transfer in normals and acallosals: latency adjusted evoked potential averaging. Cortex 1998; 34: 677-92.
  42. Brunswick N, McCrory E, Price CJ, Frith CD, Frith U. Explicit and implicit processing of words and pseudowords by adult developmental dyslexics: A search for Wernicke's Wortschatz? Brain 1999; 122 ( Pt 10): 1901-17.
  43. Bryden MP, McManus IC, Bulman-Fleming MB. Evaluating the empirical support for the Geschwind-Behan-Galaburda model of cerebral lateralization. Brain Cogn 1994; 26: 103-67.
  44. Brysbaert M. Behavioral estimates of interhemispheric transmission time and the signal detection method: a reappraisal. Percept Psychophys 1994; 56: 479-90.
  45. Brysbaert M. The importance of interhemispheric transfer for foveal vision: a factor that has been overlooked in theories of visual word recognition and object perception. Brain Lang 2004; 88: 259-67.
  46. Brysbaert M, Vitu F, Schroyens W. The right visual field advantage and the optimal viewing position effect: On the relation between foveal and parafoveal word recognition. Neuropsychology 1996; 10: 385-395.
  47. Buchel C, Price C, Friston K. A multimodal language region in the ventral visual pathway. Nature 1998; 394: 274-7.
  48. Bullier J. Integrated model of visual processing. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 2001; 36: 96-107.
  49. Caplan D, Alpert NM, Waters G, Olivieri A. Activation of Broca's area by syntactic processing under conditions of concurent articulation. Hum Brain Mapp 2000; 9: 65-71.
  50. Cappa S, Cavallotti G, Vignolo LA. Phonemic and lexical errors in fluent aphasia: correlation with lesion site. Neuropsychologia 1981; 19: 171-7.
  51. Caramazza A, Hillis AE. Spatial representation of words in the brain implied by studies of a unilateral neglect patient. Nature 1990; 346: 267-9.
  52. Castles A, Coltheart M. Varieties of developmental dyslexia. Cognition 1993; 47: 149-80.
  53. Castles A, Datta H, Gayan J, Olson RK. Varieties of developmental reading disorder: genetic and environmental influences. J Exp Child Psychol 1999; 72: 73-94.
  54. Catani M, Jones DK, Donato R, Ffytche DH. Occipito-temporal connections in the human brain. Brain 2003; 126: 2093-107.
  55. Catani M, Jones DK, ffytche DH. Perisylvian language networks of the human brain. Ann Neurol 2005; 57: 8-16.
  56. Cattell JM. The time it takes to see and name objects. Mind 1886; 11: 53-65.
  57. Celsis P, Boulanouar K, Doyon B, Ranjeva JP, Berry I, Nespoulous JL, et al. Differential fMRI responses in the left posterior superior temporal gyrus and left supramarginal gyrus to habituation and change detection in syllables and tones. Neuroimage 1999; 9: 135-44.
  58. Chase CH, Tallal P. A developmental, interactive activation model of the word superiority effect. J Exp Child Psychol 1990; 49: 448-87.
  59. Chomsky N. Structures syntaxiques. Paris: Seuil, 1957.
  60. Chomsky N. Aspects de la théorie syntaxique. Paris: Seuil, 1965.
  61. Ciesielski K. Event-related potentials in children with specific visual cognitive disability. Neuropsychologia 1989; 27: 303-313.
  62. Clark JJ, O'Regan JK. Word ambiguity and the optimal viewing position in reading. Vision Res 1999; 39: 843-857.
  63. Cohen L, Dehaene S. Specialization within the ventral stream: the case for the visual word form area. Neuroimage 2004; 22: 466-76.
  64. Cohen L, Dehaene S, Naccache L, Lehericy S, Dehaene-Lambertz G, Henaff MA, et al. The visual word form area: spatial and temporal characterization of an initial stage of reading in normal subjects and posterior split-brain patients. Brain 2000; 123 ( Pt 2): 291-307.
  65. Cohen L, Jobert A, Le Bihan D, Dehaene S. Distinct unimodal and multimodal regions for word processing in the left temporal cortex. Neuroimage 2004; 23: 1256-70.
  66. Cohen L, Lehericy S, Chochon F, Lemer C, Rivaud S, Dehaene S. Language-specific tuning of visual cortex? Functional properties of the Visual Word Form Area. Brain 2002; 125: 1054-69.
  67. Cohen L, Martinaud O, Lemer C, Lehericy S, Samson Y, Obadia M, et al. Visual word recognition in the left and right hemispheres: anatomical and functional correlates of peripheral alexias. Cereb Cortex 2003; 13: 1313-33.
  68. Cohen M, Campbell R, Yaghmai F. Neuropathological abnormalities in developmental dysphasia. Ann Neurol 1989; 25: 567-70.
  69. Coltheart M. Lexical access in simple reading tasks. In: Underwood G, editor. Strategies of information processing. London: Academic Press, 1978: 151-216.
  70. Coltheart M, Curtis B, Atkins P, Haller M. Models of reading aloud: Dual-route and parallel-distributed-processing approaches. Psychological Review 1993; 100: 589-608.
  71. Coltheart M, Rastle K, Perry C, Langdon R, Ziegler J. DRC: a dual route cascaded model of visual word recognition and reading aloud. Psychol Rev 2001; 108: 204-56.
  72. Comerchero MD, Polich J. P3a, perceptual distinctiveness, and stimulus modality. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 1998; 7: 41-8.
  73. Connolly JF, Phillips NA. Event-related potential components reflect phonological and semantic processing of the terminal word spoken sentences. J Cogn Neurosci 1994; 6: 256-266.
  74. Content AM, P. Radeau, M. BRULEX : une base de données lexicales informatisée pour le français écrit et parlé. L'Année Psychologique 1990; 90: 551.
  75. Corbetta M, Akbudak E, Conturo TE, Snyder AZ, Ollinger JM, Drury HA, et al. A common network of functional areas for attention and eye movements. Neuron 1998; 21: 761-73.
  76. Corbetta M, Miezin FM, Dobmeyer S, Shulman GL, Petersen SE. Attentional modulation of neural processing of shape, color, and velocity in humans. Science 1990; 248: 1556-9.
  77. Corbetta M, Miezin FM, Dobmeyer S, Shulman GL, Petersen SE. Selective and divided attention during visual discriminations of shape, color, and speed: functional anatomy by positron emission tomography. J Neurosci 1991; 11: 2383-402.
  78. Corbetta M, Miezin FM, Shulman GL, Petersen SE. A PET study of visuospatial attention. J Neurosci 1993; 13: 1202-26.
  79. Cornelissen P, Tarkiainen A, Helenius P, Salmelin R. Cortical effects of shifting letter position in letter strings of varying length. J Cogn Neurosci 2003; 15: 731-46.
  80. Cornelissen PL, Hansen PC, Hutton JL, Evangelinou V, Stein JF. Magnocellular visual function and children's single word reading. Vision Res 1998; 38: 471-82.
  81. Coull JT, Nobre AC. Where and when to pay attention: the neural systems for directing attention to spatial locations and to time intervals as revealed by both PET and fMRI. J Neurosci 1998; 18: 7426-35.
  82. Croft RJ, Gonsalvez CJ, Gabriel C, Barry RJ. Target-to-target interval versus probability effects on P300 in one- and two-tone tasks. Psychophysiology 2003; 40: 322-8.
  83. Cutler A, Mehler J, Norris D, Segui J. The syllable's differing role in the segmentation of French and English. Journal of Memory and Language 1986; 25: 385-400.
  84. Damasio AR, Damasio H. The anatomic basis of pure alexia. Neurology 1983; 33: 1573-83.
  85. Damasio AR, Geschwind N. The neural basis of language. Annu Rev Neurosci 1984; 7: 127-47.
  86. Damasio H, Grabowski TJ, Tranel D, Hichwa RD, Damasio AR. A neural basis for lexical retrieval. Nature 1996; 380: 499-505.
  87. Dapretto M, Bookheimer SY. Form and content: dissociating syntax and semantics in sentence comprehension. Neuron 1999; 24: 427-32.
  88. Davidson RJ, Leslie SC, Saron C. Reaction time measures of interhemispheric transfer time in reading disabled and normal children. Neuropsychologia 1990; 28: 471-85.
  89. de Groot AMB. La représentation lexico-sémantique et l'accès lexical chez le bilingue. Psychologie Française 1998; 43: 297-312.
  90. DeFries JC, Fulker DW, LaBuda MC. Evidence for a genetic aetiology in reading disability of twins. Nature 1987; 329: 537-9.
  91. Dehaene S, Le Clec HG, Poline JB, Le Bihan D, Cohen L. The visual word form area: a prelexical representation of visual words in the fusiform gyrus. Neuroreport 2002; 13: 321-5.
  92. Dehaene S, Naccache L, Cohen L, Bihan DL, Mangin JF, Poline JB, et al. Cerebral mechanisms of word masking and unconscious repetition priming. Nat Neurosci 2001; 4: 752-8.
  93. Dejerine J. Sur un cas de cécité verbale avec agraphie, suivi d'autopsie. Mémoires de la Société Biologique 1891; 3: 197-201.
  94. Dejerine J. Contribution à l'étude anatomoclinique et clinique des différentes variétés de cécité verbale. Compte-rendu hebdomadaire des séances et mémoires de la Société de Biologie 1892; 4: 61-90.
  95. Dell GS. A spreading-activation theory of retrieval in sentence production. Psychol Rev 1986; 93: 283-321.
  96. Demonet JF, Chollet F, Ramsay S, Cardebat D, Nespoulous JL, Wise R, et al. The anatomy of phonological and semantic processing in normal subjects. Brain 1992; 115 ( Pt 6): 1753-68.
  97. Demonet JF, Price C, Wise R, Frackowiak RS. Differential activation of right and left posterior sylvian regions by semantic and phonological tasks: a positron-emission tomography study in normal human subjects. Neurosci Lett 1994; 182: 25-8.
  98. Demonet JF, Taylor MJ, Chaix Y. Developmental dyslexia. Lancet 2004; 363: 1451-60.
  99. Demonet JF, Thierry G, Cardebat D. Renewal of the neurophysiology of language: functional neuroimaging. Physiol Rev 2005; 85: 49-95.
  100. Derouesne J, Beauvois MF. Phonological processing in reading: data from alexia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1979; 42: 1125-32.
  101. D'Esposito M, Detre JA, Aguirre GK, Stallcup M, Alsop DC, Tippet LJ, et al. A functional MRI study of mental image generation. Neuropsychologia 1997; 35: 725-30.
  102. Devlin JT, Jamison HL, Matthews PM, Gonnerman LM. Morphology and the internal structure of words. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101: 14984-8.
  103. Devlin JT, Matthews PM, Rushworth MF. Semantic processing in the left inferior prefrontal cortex: a combined functional magnetic resonance imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation study. J Cogn Neurosci 2003; 15: 71-84.
  104. Dewey D. What is developmental dyspraxia? Brain Cogn 1995; 29: 254-74.
  105. Dolan RJ, Fink GR, Rolls E, Booth M, Holmes A, Frackowiak RS, et al. How the brain learns to see objects and faces in an impoverished context. Nature 1997; 389: 596-9.
  106. Donchin E, Miller GA, Farwell LA. The endogenous components of the event-related potential--a diagnostic tool? Prog Brain Res 1986; 70: 87-102.
  107. Drake WE. Clinical and pathological findings in a child with a developmental learning disability. J Learn Disabil 1968; 1: 486-502.
  108. Driver J, Baylis GC, Rafal RD. Preserved figure-ground segregation and symmetry perception in visual neglect. Nature 1992; 360: 73-5.
  109. Duncan CC, Rumsey JM, Wilkniss SM, Denckla MB, Hamburger SD, Odou-Potkin M. Developmental dyslexia and attention dysfunction in adults: brain potential indices of information processing. Psychophysiology 1994; 31: 386-401.
  110. Eason RG. Effects of attention and arousal on visually evoked cortical potentials and reaction time in man. Physiol Behav 1969; 4: 283-289.
  111. Eckert M. Neuroanatomical markers for dyslexia: a review of dyslexia structural imaging studies. Neuroscientist 2004; 10: 362-71.
  112. Eckert MA, Leonard CM, Richards TL, Aylward EH, Thomson J, Berninger VW. Anatomical correlates of dyslexia: frontal and cerebellar findings. Brain 2003; 126: 482-94.
  113. Eden GF, VanMeter JW, Rumsey JM, Maisog JM, Woods RP, Zeffiro TA. Abnormal processing of visual motion in dyslexia revealed by functional brain imaging. Nature 1996a; 382: 66-9.
  114. Eden GF, VanMeter JW, Rumsey JM, Zeffiro TA. The visual deficit theory of developmental dyslexia. Neuroimage 1996b; 4: S108-17.
  115. Eden GF, Zeffiro TA. Neural systems affected in developmental dyslexia revealed by functional neuroimaging. Neuron 1998; 21: 279-82.
  116. Ellis AW. Reading, writing and dyslexia: A cognitive analysis. London: Erlbaum, L., 1984.
  117. Escera C, Alho K, Winkler I, Naatanen R. Neural mechanisms of involuntary attention to acoustic novelty and change. J Cogn Neurosci 1998; 10: 590-604.
  118. Evrard P, Miladi N, Bonnier C, Gressens P. Normal and abnormal development of the brain. In: Rapin I and Segalowitz S, editors. Child Neuropsychology. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science B.V., 1992: 11-44.
  119. Facoetti A, Lorusso ML, Paganoni P, Cattaneo C, Galli R, Umilta C, et al. Auditory and visual automatic attention deficits in developmental dyslexia. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 2003; 16: 185-91.
  120. Facoetti A, Paganoni P, Turatto M, Marzola V, Mascetti GG. Visual-spatial attention in developmental dyslexia. Cortex 2000; 36: 109-23.
  121. Fagerheim T, Raeymaekers P, Tonnessen FE, Pedersen M, Tranebjaerg L, Lubs HA. A new gene (DYX3) for dyslexia is located on chromosome 2. J Med Genet 1999; 36: 664-9.
  122. Farah MJ, McClelland JL. A computational model of semantic memory impairment: modality specificity and emergent category specificity. J Exp Psychol Gen 1991; 120: 339-57.
  123. Farid M, Grainger J. How initial fixation position influences visual word recognition: a comparison of French and Arabic. Brain Lang 1996; 53: 351-68.
  124. Faust M, Kravetz S, Babkoff H. Hemispheric specialization or reading habits: evidence from lexical decision research with Hebrew words and sentences. Brain Lang 1993; 44: 254-63.
  125. Fiebach CJ, Friederici AD, Muller K, von Cramon DY. fMRI evidence for dual routes to the mental lexicon in visual word recognition. J Cogn Neurosci 2002; 14: 11-23.
  126. Fiez JA. Phonology, semantics, and the role of the left inferior prefrontal cortex. Hum Brain Mapp 1997; 5: 79-83.
  127. Fiez JA, Balota DA, Raichle ME, Petersen SE. Effects of lexicality, frequency, and spelling-to-sound consistency on the functional anatomy of reading. Neuron 1999; 24: 205-18.
  128. Fiez JA, Petersen SE. Neuroimaging studies of word reading. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95: 914-21.
  129. Fine EM. Does meaning matter? The impact of word knowledge on lateral masking. Optom Vis Sci 2001; 78: 831-8.
  130. Fink GR, Halligan PW, Marshall JC, Frith CD, Frackowiak RS, Dolan RJ. Where in the brain does visual attention select the forest and the trees? Nature 1996; 382: 626-8.
  131. Fisher SE, DeFries JC. Developmental dyslexia: genetic dissection of a complex cognitive trait. Nat Rev Neurosci 2002; 3: 767-80.
  132. Fisher SE, Marlow AJ, Lamb J, Maestrini E, Williams DF, Richardson AJ, et al. A quantitative-trait locus on chromosome 6p influences different aspects of developmental dyslexia. Am J Hum Genet 1999; 64: 146-56.
  133. Fitch WT, Hauser MD. Computational constraints on syntactic processing in a nonhuman primate. Science 2004; 303: 377-80.
  134. Fletcher CM, Prior MR. The rule learning behavior of reading disabled and normal children as a function of task characteristics and instruction. J Exp Child Psychol 1990; 50: 39-58.
  135. Fletcher PC, Happe F, Frith U, Baker SC, Dolan RJ, Frackowiak RS, et al. Other minds in the brain: a functional imaging study of "theory of mind" in story comprehension. Cognition 1995; 57: 109-28.
  136. Flint J. The genetic basis of cognition. Brain 1999; 122 ( Pt 11): 2015-32.
  137. Fodor JA. The modularity of mind. Cambridge, 1983.
  138. Forster KI. Accessing the mental lexicon. In: Wales RJ and Walker E, editors. New approaches to language mechanisms. Amsterdam, North-Holland, 1976: 257-287.
  139. Forster KI. Levels of processing and the structure of the language processor. In: Cooper WE and Walker ECT, editors. Sentence processing: psycholinguistic studies presented to Merrill Garrett. Hillsdale: Erlbaum, L., 1979: 27-85.
  140. Forster KI. Basic issues in lexical processing. In: Marslen-Wilson W, editor. Lexical Representation and Process. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1989: 75-107.
  141. Forster KI, Davis C, Schoknecht C, Carter R. Masked priming with graphemically related forms : Repetition or partial activation? Q. J. Exp. Psych. 1987; 39: 211-251.
  142. Fosker T, Thierry G. Phonological oddballs in the focus of attention elicit a normal P3b in dyslexic adults. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 2005; 24: 467-75.
  143. Francis WS. Cognitive integration of language and memory in bilinguals: Semantic representation. Psychological Bulletin 1999; 125: 193-222.
  144. Friederici AD. Event-related brain potential studies in language. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2004; 4: 466-70.
  145. Friederici AD, Pfeifer E, Hahne A. Event-related brain potentials during natural speech processing: effects of semantic, morphological and syntactic violations. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 1993; 1: 183-92.
  146. Friederici AD, Ruschemeyer SA, Hahne A, Fiebach CJ. The role of left inferior frontal and superior temporal cortex in sentence comprehension: localizing syntactic and semantic processes. Cereb Cortex 2003; 13: 170-7.
  147. Frith C. Brain, mind and behaviour in dyslexia. In: Hulme C and Snowling M, editors. Dyslexia: Biology, cognition and intervention. London: Whurr Publishers, 1997: 1-19.
  148. Frith C, Dolan RJ. Brain mechanisms associated with top-down processes in perception. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 1997; 352: 1221-30.
  149. Frith U. Beneath the surface of developmental dyslexia. In: Patterson K, Marshall JC and Coltheart M, editors. Surface dyslexia: Neuropsychological and cognitive studies of phonological reading. London: Erlbaum, 1985: 301-330.
  150. Gabrieli JD, Poldrack RA, Desmond JE. The role of left prefrontal cortex in language and memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95: 906-13.
  151. Galaburda AM, Menard MT, Rosen GD. Evidence for aberrant auditory anatomy in developmental dyslexia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994; 91: 8010-3.
  152. Galaburda AM, Rosen GD, Sherman GF. Individual variability in cortical organization: its relationship to brain laterality and implications to function. Neuropsychologia 1990; 28: 529-546.
  153. Galaburda AM, Sherman GF, Rosen GD, Aboitiz F, Geschwind N. Developmental dyslexia: four consecutive patients with cortical anomalies. Ann Neurol 1985; 18: 222-33.
  154. Garrett AS, Flowers DL, Absher JR, Fahey FH, Gage HD, Keyes JW, et al. Cortical activity related to accuracy of letter recognition. Neuroimage 2000; 11: 111-23.
  155. Garrett MF. A perspective on research in language production. In: Mehler J, Walker E and Garrett MF, editors. Perspectives on mental representation. Hillsdale, 1982.
  156. Gaskell MG, Marslen-Wilson W. Integrating form and meaning: A distributed model of speech perception. Language and Cognitive Processes 1997; 12: 613-656.
  157. Gaskell MG, Marslen-Wilson W. Ambiguity, competition, and blending in spoken word recognition. Cognitive Science 1999; 23: 439-462.
  158. Gaskell MG, Marslen-Wilson WD. Representation and competition in the perception of spoken words. Cognit Psychol 2002; 45: 220-66.
  159. Geiger G, Lettvin JY, Zegarra-Moran O. Task-determined strategies of visual process. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 1992; 1: 39-52.
  160. Geschwind N. Disconnection syndromes in animals and man. Brain 1965; 88: 237-294.
  161. Geschwind N. The organization of language and the brain. Science 1970; 170: 940-4.
  162. Geschwind N. Specializations of the human brain. Sci Am 1979; 241: 180-99.
  163. Geschwind N, Behan P. Left-handedness: association with immune disease, migraine, and developmental learning disorder. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1982; 79: 5097-100.
  164. Geschwind N, Galaburda AM. Cerebral lateralization. Biological mechanisms, associations, and pathology: I. A hypothesis and a program for research. Arch Neurol 1985; 42: 428-59.
  165. Geschwind N, Levitsky W. Human brain: left-right asymmetries in temporal speech region. Science 1968; 161: 186-7.
  166. Giraud AL, Price C. The constraints functional neuroimaging places on classical models of auditory word processing. J Cogn Neurosci 2001; 13: 1-12.
  167. Godfrey JJ, Syrdal-Lasky AK, Millay KK, Knox CM. Performance of dyslexic children on speech perception tests. J Exp Child Psychol 1981; 32: 401-24.
  168. Gold BT, Buckner RL. Common prefrontal regions coactivate with dissociable posterior regions during controlled semantic and phonological tasks. Neuron 2002; 35: 803-12.
  169. Gorno-Tempini ML, Cipolotti L, Price CJ. Category differences in brain activation studies: where do they come from? Proc Biol Sci 2000; 267: 1253-8.
  170. Gorno-Tempini ML, Price CJ, Josephs O, Vandenberghe R, Cappa SF, Kapur N, et al. The neural systems sustaining face and proper-name processing. Brain 1998; 121 (Pt 11): 2103-18.
  171. Gougenheim G, Rivenc R, Michea R, Sauvageot A. L'élaboration du français fondamental. Paris: Didier, 1964.
  172. Gough PB, Hillinger ML. Learning to read: An unnatural act. Bulletin of the Orton Society 1980; 20: 179-196.
  173. Grainger J, Bouttevin S, Truc C, Bastien M, Ziegler J. Word superiority, pseudoword superiority, and learning to read: a comparison of dyslexic and normal readers. Brain Lang 2003; 87: 432-40.
  174. Grainger J, Jacobs AM. A dual read-out model of word context effects in letter perception: Further investigations of the word superiority effect. j exp Psychol 1994; 20: 1158-1176.
  175. Grainger J, O'Regan JK, Jacobs AM, Segui J. On the role of competing word units in visual word recognition: the neighborhood frequency effect. Percept Psychophys 1989; 45: 189-95.
  176. Green RL, Hutsler JJ, Loftus WC, Tramo MJ, Thomas CE, Silberfarb AW, et al. The caudal infrasylvian surface in dyslexia: novel magnetic resonance imaging-based findings. Neurology 1999; 53: 974-81.
  177. Greenhouse SW, Geisser S. On methods in the analysis of profile data. Psychometrika 1959; 24: 95-112.
  178. Gross-Glenn K, Duara R, Barker WW, Loewenstein D, Chang JY, Yoshii F, et al. Positron emission tomographic studies during serial word-reading by normal and dyslexic adults. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1991; 13: 531-44.
  179. Gross-Glenn K, Rothenberg S. Evidence for deficit in interhemispheric transfer of information in dyslexic boys. Int J Neurosci 1984; 24: 23-35.
  180. Gross-Tsur V, Manor O, Shalev RS. Developmental dyscalculia: prevalence and demographic features. Dev Med Child Neurol 1996; 38: 25-33.
  181. Gross-Tsur V, Shalev RS, Manor O, Amir N. Developmental right-hemisphere syndrome: clinical spectrum of the nonverbal learning disability. J Learn Disabil 1995; 28: 80-6.
  182. Guerit JM. Revue de la littérature internationale consacrée aux potentiels évoqués en 1997. Neurophysiol Clin 1998; 28: 73-9.
  183. Habib M. Dyslexie : le cerveau singulier. Marseille, 1997.
  184. Habib M. The neurological basis of developmental dyslexia: an overview and working hypothesis. Brain 2000; 123 Pt 12: 2373-99.
  185. Habib M, Robichon F, Levrier O, Khalil R, Salamon G. Diverging asymmetries of temporo-parietal cortical areas: a reappraisal of Geschwind/Galaburda theory. Brain Lang 1995; 48: 238-58.
  186. Hagoort P, Indefrey P, Brown C, Herzog H, Steinmetz H, Seitz RJ. The neural circuitry involved in the reading of German words and pseudowords: A PET study. J Cogn Neurosci 1999; 11: 383-98.
  187. Hagoort P, Wassenaar M, Brown CM. Syntax-related ERP-effects in Dutch. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 2003; 16: 38-50.
  188. Halit H, de Haan M, Johnson MH. Modulation of event-related potentials by prototypical and atypical faces. Neuroreport 2000; 11: 1871-5.
  189. Hallgren B. Specific dyslexia (congenital word-blindness); a clinical and genetic study. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 1950; 65: 1-287.
  190. Harm MW, Seidenberg MS. Phonology, reading acquisition, and dyslexia: insights from connectionist models. Psychol Rev 1999; 106: 491-528.
  191. Hart J, Jr., Gordon B. Delineation of single-word semantic comprehension deficits in aphasia, with anatomical correlation. Ann Neurol 1990; 27: 226-31.
  192. Hashimoto Y, Sakai KL. Brain activations during conscious self-monitoring of speech production with delayed auditory feedback: an fMRI study. Hum Brain Mapp 2003; 20: 22-8.
  193. Hecaen H, De Agostini M, Monzon-Montes A. Cerebral organization in left-handers. Brain Lang 1981; 12: 261-84.
  194. Heim S, Eulitz C, Elbert T. Altered hemispheric asymmetry of auditory N100m in adults with developmental dyslexia. Neuroreport 2003; 14: 501-4.
  195. Heim S, Keil A. Large-scale neural correlates of developmental dyslexia. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2004; 13: 125-40.
  196. Helenius P, Salmelin R, Service E, Connolly JF. Semantic cortical activation in dyslexic readers. J Cogn Neurosci 1999a; 11: 535-50.
  197. Helenius P, Tarkiainen A, Cornelissen P, Hansen PC, Salmelin R. Dissociation of normal feature analysis and deficient processing of letter-strings in dyslexic adults. Cereb Cortex 1999b; 9: 476-83.
  198. Herbster AN, Mintun MA, Nebes RD, Becker JT. Regional cerebral blood flow during word and nonword reading. Hum Brain Mapp 1997; 5: 84-92.
  199. Hickok G, Poeppel D. Dorsal and ventral streams: a framework for understanding aspects of the functional anatomy of language. Cognition 2004; 92: 67-99.
  200. Hildebrandt N, Caplan D, Sokol S, Torreano L. Lexical factors in the word-superiority effect. Mem Cognit 1995; 23: 23-33.
  201. Hillis AE, Caramazza A. Deficit to stimulus-centered, letter shape representations in a case of "unilateral neglect". Neuropsychologia 1991; 29: 1223-40.
  202. Hillis AE, Newhart M, Heidler J, Barker P, Herskovits E, Degaonkar M. The roles of the "visual word form area" in reading. Neuroimage 2005; 24: 548-59.
  203. Hillyard SA, Hink RF, Schwent VL, Picton TW. Electrical signs of selective attention in the human brain. Science 1973; 182: 177-80.
  204. Hillyard SA, Munte TF. Selective attention to color and location: an analysis with event-related brain potentials. Percept Psychophys 1984; 36: 185-98.
  205. Hinshelwood J. Congenital word-blindness. In: Lewis, editor. London, 1917.
  206. Hirano S, Kojima H, Naito Y, Honjo I, Kamoto Y, Okazawa H, et al. Cortical processing mechanism for vocalization with auditory verbal feedback. Neuroreport 1997; 8: 2379-82.
  207. Hoeks JC, Stowe LA, Doedens G. Seeing words in context: the interaction of lexical and sentence level information during reading. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 2004; 19: 59-73.
  208. Holcomb PJ. Semantic priming and stimulus degradation: implications for the role of the N400 in language processing. Psychophysiology 1993; 30: 47-61.
  209. Holcomb PJ, Ackerman PT, Dykman RA. Cognitive event-related brain potentials in children with attention and reading deficits. Psychophysiology 1985; 22: 656-67.
  210. Holcomb PJ, Ackerman PT, Dykman RA. Auditory event-related potentials in attention and reading disabled boys. Int J Psychophysiol 1986; 3: 263-273.
  211. Holmes VM, O'Regan JK. Decomposing French words. In: O'Regan JK and Lévy-Schoen A, editors. Eye movements: From physiology to cognition. Vol 459-466. Amsterdam, 1987.
  212. Holroyd CB, Coles MG. The neural basis of human error processing: reinforcement learning, dopamine, and the error-related negativity. Psychol Rev 2002; 109: 679-709.
  213. Hopfinger JB, Maxwell JS. Appearing and disappearing stimuli trigger a reflexive modulation of visual cortical activity. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 2005.
  214. Horwitz B, Rumsey JM, Donohue BC. Functional connectivity of the angular gyrus in normal reading and dyslexia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95: 8939-44.
  215. Howard D, Patterson K, Wise R, Brown WD, Friston K, Weiller C, et al. The cortical localization of the lexicons. Positron emission tomography evidence. Brain 1992; 115 ( Pt 6): 1769-82.
  216. Howes DH, Solomon RL. Visual duration threshold as a function of word-probability. J Exp Psychol 1951; 41: 401-10.
  217. Hugdahl K. The search continues: casual relationships among dyslexia, anomalous dominance, and immune function. Brain Cogn 1994; 26: 275-80.
  218. Humphreys GW, Riddoch MJ, Price CJ. Top-down processes in object identification: evidence from experimental psychology, neuropsychology and functional anatomy. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 1997; 352: 1275-82.
  219. Iles J, Walsh V, Richardson A. Visual search performance in dyslexia. Dyslexia 2000; 6: 163-77.
  220. Imbs P. Etudes statistiques sur le vocabulaire français. Dictionnaire des fréquences. Paris: Didier, 1971.
  221. Indefrey P, Kleinschmidt A, Merboldt KD, Kruger G, Brown C, Hagoort P, et al. Equivalent responses to lexical and nonlexical visual stimuli in occipital cortex: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Neuroimage 1997; 5: 78-81.
  222. Indefrey P, Levelt WJ. The spatial and temporal signatures of word production components. Cognition 2004; 92: 101-44.
  223. Ipata A, Girelli M, Miniussi C, Marzi CA. Interhemispheric transfer of visual information in humans: the role of different callosal channels. Arch Ital Biol 1997; 135: 169-82.
  224. Itier RJ, Taylor MJ. Inversion and contrast polarity reversal affect both encoding and recognition processes of unfamiliar faces: a repetition study using ERPs. Neuroimage 2002; 15: 353-72.
  225. Itier RJ, Taylor MJ. Source analysis of the N170 to faces and objects. Neuroreport 2004; 15: 1261-5.
  226. Jeffries S, Everatt J. Working memory: its role in dyslexia and other specific learning difficulties. Dyslexia 2004; 10: 196-214.
  227. joanette y, goulet P, hannequin d. Right hemisphere and verbal communication. New York: Springer Verlag, 1990.
  228. Jobard G, Crivello F, Tzourio-Mazoyer N. Evaluation of the dual route theory of reading: a metanalysis of 35 neuroimaging studies. Neuroimage 2003; 20: 693-712.
  229. Jones DK, Simmons A, Williams SC, Horsfield MA. Non-invasive assessment of axonal fiber connectivity in the human brain via diffusion tensor MRI. Magn Reson Med 1999; 42: 37-41.
  230. Juola JF, Leavitt DD, Chloe CS. Letter identification in word, nonword, and single-letter displays. Bull Psychonomic Soc 1974; 4: 365-370.
  231. Kajii N, Osaka N. Optimal viewing position in vertically and horizontally presented Japanese words. Percept Psychophys 2000; 62: 1634-44.
  232. Katayama J, Polich J. Stimulus context determines P3a and P3b. Psychophysiology 1998; 35: 23-33.
  233. Kertesz A, Sheppard A, MacKenzie R. Localization in transcortical sensory aphasia. Arch Neurol 1982; 39: 475-8.
  234. Kibby MY, Marks W, Morgan S, Long CJ. Specific impairment in developmental reading disabilities: a working memory approach. J Learn Disabil 2004; 37: 349-63.
  235. Kim A, Osterhout L. The independence of combinatory semantic processing: Evidence from event-related potentials. Journal of Memory and Language 2005; 52: 205-225.
  236. Klingberg T, Hedehus M, Temple E, Salz T, Gabrieli JD, Moseley ME, et al. Microstructure of temporo-parietal white matter as a basis for reading ability: evidence from diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. Neuron 2000; 25: 493-500.
  237. Kolk HH, Chwilla DJ, van Herten M, Oor PJ. Structure and limited capacity in verbal working memory: a study with event-related potentials. Brain Lang 2003; 85: 1-36.
  238. Kramer AF, Strayer DL. Assessing the development of automatic processing: an application of dual-task and event-related brain potential methodologies. Biol Psychol 1988; 26: 231-67.
  239. Kraus N, McGee TJ, Carrell TD, Zecker SG, Nicol TG, Koch DB. Auditory neurophysiologic responses and discrimination deficits in children with learning problems. Science 1996; 273: 971-3.
  240. Kronbichler M, Hutzler F, Wimmer H, Mair A, Staffen W, Ladurner G. The visual word form area and the frequency with which words are encountered: evidence from a parametric fMRI study. Neuroimage 2004; 21: 946-53.
  241. Kuhl PK. Theoretical contributions of tests on animals to the special-mechanisms debate in speech. Exp Biol 1986; 45: 233-65.
  242. Kuperberg GR, Sitnikova T, Caplan D, Holcomb PJ. Electrophysiological distinctions in processing conceptual relationships within simple sentences. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 2003; 17: 117-29.
  243. Kuriki S, Takeuchi F, Hirata Y. Neural processing of words in the human extrastriate visual cortex. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 1998; 6: 193-203.
  244. Kutas M. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) elicited during rapid serial visual presentation of congruous and incongruous sentences. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl 1987; 40: 406-11.
  245. Kutas M. Views on how the electrical activity that the brain generates reflects the functions of different language structures. Psychophysiology 1997; 34: 383-398.
  246. Kutas M, Dale A. Electrical and magnetic readings of mental functions. In: Rugg MD, editor. Cognitive Neuroscience: Psychology Press, 1997: 197-242.
  247. Kutas M, Hillyard SA. Reading senseless sentences: brain potentials reflect semantic incongruity. Science 1980; 207: 203-5.
  248. Kutas M, McCarthy G, Donchin E. Augmenting mental chronometry: the P300 as a measure of stimulus evaluation time. Science 1977; 197: 792-5.
  249. Kutas M, Van Petten C, Besson M. Event-related potential asymmetries during the reading of sentences. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1988; 69: 218-33.
  250. Lavidor M, Ellis AW. Word length and orthographic neighborhood size effects in the left and right cerebral hemispheres. Brain Lang 2002; 80: 45-62.
  251. Le Bihan D, Breton E. Imagerie de diffusion in vivo par résonnance magnétique nucléaire. Cr Acad Sci (Paris) 1985; 301: 1109-1112.
  252. Lenneberg EH. Biological foundations of Language. New York, 1967.
  253. Leppanen PH, Lyytinen H. Auditory event-related potentials in the study of developmental language-related disorders. Audiol Neurootol 1997; 2: 308-40.
  254. Levelt WJ. Monitoring and self-repair in speech. Cognition 1983; 14: 41-104.
  255. Levelt WJM. Speaking: From Intention to Articulation. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1989.
  256. Levelt WJM, Roelofs A, Meyer A. A theory of lexical access in speech production. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1999; 22: 1-75.
  257. Leventhal AG, Ault SJ, Vitek DJ. The nasotemporal division in primate retina: the neural bases of macular sparing and splitting. Science 1988; 240: 66-7.
  258. Levi DM, Klein SA, Aitsebaomo AP. Vernier acuity, crowding and cortical magnification. Vision Res 1985; 25: 963-77.
  259. Liberman AM. Segmentation of the spoken word and reading acquisition. Bulletin of the Orton Society 1973; 23: 65-77.
  260. Liberman AM, Cooper FS, Shankweiler DP, Studdert-Kennedy M. Perception of the speech code. Psychol Rev 1967; 74: 431-61.
  261. Lichtheim L. On aphasia. Brain 1885; 7: 433-484.
  262. Liebenthal E, Binder JR, Spitzer SM, Possing ET, Medler DA. Neural Substrates of Phonemic Perception. Cereb Cortex 2005a.
  263. Liebenthal E, Desai R, Waldron EJ, Binder JR. Neural substrates of phonemic categorization in the left temporal lobe. Cognitive Neuroscience Society. New York, 2005b.
  264. Lieberman P. On the nature and evolution of the neural bases of human language. Am J Phys Anthropol 2002; Suppl 35: 36-62.
  265. Lindgren SD, De Renzi E, Richman LC. Cross-national comparisons of developmental dyslexia in Italy and the United States. Child Dev 1985; 56: 1404-17.
  266. Livingstone MS, Rosen GD, Drislane FW, Galaburda AM. Physiological and anatomical evidence for a magnocellular defect in developmental dyslexia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991; 88: 7943-7.
  267. Lovegrove WJ, Garzia RP, Nicholson SB. Experimental evidence for a transient system deficit in specific reading disability. J Am Optom Assoc 1990; 61: 137-46.
  268. Lovrich D, Stamm JS. Event-related potential and behavioral correlates of attention in reading retardation. J clin neuropsychol 1983; 5: 13-37.
  269. Lubs HA, Duara R, Levin B, Jallad B, Lubs ML, Rabin M. Genetics behavior and brain imaging. In: Duane D and Gray D, editors. The Reading Brain. Parkton Maryland: York Press, 1991.
  270. Luck SJ. Effects of spatial cuing on luminance detectability: psychophysical and electrophysiological evidence for early selection. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 1994; 20: 887-904.
  271. Luck SJ. Sources of dual-task interference: evidence from human electrophysiology. Psychol Sci 1998; 9: 223-227.
  272. Luck SJ, Hillyard SA. The operation of selective attention at multiple stages of processing: evidence from human and mokey electrophysiology. In: Gazzaniga M, editor. The new cognitive neurosciences: MIT Press, 1999: 687-700.
  273. Luck SJ, Woodman GF, Vogel EK. Event-related potential studies of attention. Trends Cogn Sci 2000; 4: 432-440.
  274. Lundberg I, Frost JA, O. P. Effects of an extensive program for stimulating phonological awareness in preschool children. J Exp Child Psychol 1988; 18: 201-12.
  275. Luo CR, Anderson JM, Caramazza A. Impaired stimulus-driven orienting of attention and preserved goal-directed orienting of attention in unilateral visual neglect. Am J Psychol 1998; 111: 487-507.
  276. MacLeod CM. Half a century of research on the Stroop effect: an integrative review. Psychol Bull 1991; 109: 163-203.
  277. Manelis L. The effect of meaningfulness in tachistoscopic word perception. Percept & Psychophys 1974; 16: 182-192.
  278. Mangun GR, Hillyard SA. Spatial gradients of visual attention: behavioral and electrophysiological evidence. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1988; 70: 417-28.
  279. Mangun GR, Hillyard SA. Modulations of sensory-evoked brain potentials indicate changes in perceptual processing during visual-spatial priming. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 1991; 17: 1057-1074.
  280. Manis FR, McBride-Chang C, Seidenberg MS, Keating P, Doi LM, Munson B, et al. Are speech perception deficits associated with developmental dyslexia? J Exp Child Psychol 1997; 66: 211-35.
  281. Marin OSM. CAT scans of five deep dyslexic patients. In: Coltheart M, Patterson K and Marshall JC, editors. Deep Dyslexia. London: Routledge, 1980: 407-433.
  282. Markee TE, Brown WS, Moore LH. Callosal function in dyslexia: evoked potential interhemispheric transfert time and bilateral field advantage. Dev Neuropsychol 1996; 12: 409-28.
  283. Marshall JC, Newcombe F. Patterns of paralexia: a psycholinguistic approach. J Psycholinguist Res 1973; 2: 175-99.
  284. Marslen-Wilson W. Function and process in spoken word recognition: a tutorial review. In: Bouma H and Bouwhuis DG, editors. Attention and performance X: Control of language processes. Hillsdale: Erlbaum, L., 1984: 125-150.
  285. Marslen-Wilson W, Tyler LK. The temporal structure of spoken language understanding. Cognition 1980; 8: 1-71.
  286. Marslen-Wilson W, Tyler LK, Waksler R, Older L. Morphology and meaning in the English mental lexicon. Psychological Review 1994; 101: 3-33.
  287. Marslen-Wilson W, Welsh A. Processing interactions and lexical access during word recognition in continuous speech. Cognitive Psychology 1978; 10: 29-63.
  288. Marslen-Wilson WD. Functional parallelism in spoken word-recognition. Cognition 1987; 25: 71-102.
  289. Martin A, Haxby JV, Lalonde FM, Wiggs CL, Ungerleider LG. Discrete cortical regions associated with knowledge of color and knowledge of action. Science 1995; 270: 102-5.
  290. Martin A, Wiggs CL, Ungerleider LG, Haxby JV. Neural correlates of category-specific knowledge. Nature 1996; 379: 649-52.
  291. Martin JH. The collective electrical behavior of cortical neurons: the electroencephalogram and the mechanisms of epilepsy. In: Kandel ER, Schwartz JH and Jessell TM, editors. Principles of neural science. New York: Elsevier, 1991: 391-777.
  292. Martinet A. Linguistique apliquée. In: Denoël, editor. La linguistique. Guide alphabétique. Paris, 1969: 209-214.
  293. Mattis T, French JH, Rapin I. Dylexia in children and young adults: three independent neuropsychological syndromes. Dev Med Child Neurol 1975; 17: 150-63.
  294. Mayall K. Case-mixing effects on children's word recognition: lexical feedback and development. Q J Exp Psychol A 2002; 55: 525-42.
  295. Mayall K, Humphreys GW, Olson A. Disruption to word or letter processing? The origins of case-mixing effects. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 1997; 23: 1275-86.
  296. Mazoyer BM, Tzourio N, Frak V, Syrota A, Mura-Yama N, Levrier D. The cortical representation of speech. J Cogn Neurosci 1993; 5: 467-479.
  297. McCandliss BD, Cohen L, Dehaene S. The visual word form area: expertise for reading in the fusiform gyrus. Trends Cogn Sci 2003; 7: 293-299.
  298. McCarthy G, Donchin E. A metric for thought: a comparison of P300 latency and reaction time. Science 1981; 211: 77-80.
  299. McCarthy G, Nobre AC. Modulation of semantic processing by spatial selective attention. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1993; 88: 210-9.
  300. McClelland JL. Preliminary letter identification in the perception of words and nonwords. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 1976; 2: 80-91.
  301. McClelland JL. On the time relations of mental processes: An examination of systems of processes in cascade. Psychol Rev 1979; 86: 287-330.
  302. McClelland JL, Elman JL. The TRACE model of speech perception. Cognit Psychol 1986; 18: 1-86.
  303. McClelland JL, Johnston JC. The role of familiar units in perception of words and nonwords. Percept & Psychophys 1977; 22: 249-261.
  304. McClelland JL, Rumelhart DE. An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: Part I. An account of basic findings. Psychological Review 1981; 88: 375-407.
  305. McConkie GW, Kerr PW, Reddix MD, Zola D. Eye movement control during reading: I. The location of initial eye fixations on words. Vision Res 1988; 28: 1107-18.
  306. McCusker LX, Hillinger ML, Bias RG. Phonological recoding and reading. Psychological Bulletin 1981; 89: 217-245.
  307. McDermott KB, Petersen SE, Watson JM, Ojemann JG. A procedure for identifying regions preferentially activated by attention to semantic and phonological relations using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Neuropsychologia 2003; 41: 293-303.
  308. McEvoy LK, Smith ME, Gevins A. Dynamic cortical networks of verbal and spatial working memory: effects of memory load and task practice. Cereb Cortex 1998; 8: 563-74.
  309. McGuire PK, Silbersweig DA, Frith CD. Functional neuroanatomy of verbal self-monitoring. Brain 1996; 119 ( Pt 3): 907-17.
  310. Mechelli A, Humphreys GW, Mayall K, Olson A, Price CJ. Differential effects of word length and visual contrast in the fusiform and lingual gyri during reading. Proc Biol Sci 2000; 267: 1909-13.
  311. Mesulam MM. Large-scale neurocognitive networks and distributed processing for attention, language, and memory. Ann Neurol 1990; 28: 597-613.
  312. Meunier F, Segui J. Morphological priming effect: the role of surface frequency. Brain Lang 1999; 68: 54-60.
  313. Meyer DE, Kieras DE. A computational theory of executive cognitive processes and multiple-task performance: Part 1. Basic mechanisms. Psychol Rev 1997; 104: 3-65.
  314. Meyer DE, Schvaneveldt RW. Facilitation in recognizing pairs of words: evidence of a dependence between retrieval operations. J Exp Psychol 1971; 90: 227-34.
  315. Miller-Shaul S, Breznitz Z. Electrocortical measures during a lexical decision task: a comparison between elementary school-aged normal and dyslexic readers and adult normal and dyslexic readers. J Genet Psychol 2004; 165: 399-424.
  316. Mitterer JO. There are at least two kinds of poor readers: whole-word poor readers and recoding poor readers. Can J Psychol 1982; 36: 445-61.
  317. Mody M, Studdert-Kennedy M, Brady S. Speech perception deficits in poor readers: auditory processing or phonological coding? J Exp Child Psychol 1997; 64: 199-231.
  318. Moffat SD, Hampson E, Wickett JC, Vernon PA, Lee DH. Testosterone is correlated with regional morphology of the human corpus callosum. Brain Res 1997; 767: 297-304.
  319. Molko N, Cohen L, Mangin JF, Chochon F, Lehericy S, Le Bihan D, et al. Visualizing the neural bases of a disconnection syndrome with diffusion tensor imaging. J Cogn Neurosci 2002; 14: 629-36.
  320. Moore CJ, Price CJ. Three distinct ventral occipitotemporal regions for reading and object naming. Neuroimage 1999; 10: 181-92.
  321. Moore LH, Brown WS, Markee TE, Theberge DC, Zvi JC. Bimanual coordination in dyslexic adults. Neuropsychologia 1995; 33: 781-93.
  322. Morais J, Cluytens M, Alegria J. Segmentation abilities of dyslexics and normal readers. Percept Mot Skills 1984; 58: 221-2.
  323. Morton J. Word recognition. In: Morton J and Marshall JC, editors. Psycholinguistics Series. Vol 2. London: Elek, P., 1979: 107-156.
  324. Morton J. The logogen model and orthographic structure. In: Frith U, editor. Cognitive processes in spelling. London: Academic Press, 1980.
  325. Morton J. Disintegrating the lexicon: an information processinf approach. In: Mehler J, Walker ECT and Garrett MF, editors. Perspectives on mental representation. Hillsdale: Erlbaum, L., 1982: 89-109.
  326. Morton J, Patterson K. A new attempt at an interpretation, or an attempt at a new interpretation. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1980.
  327. Moseley ME, Cohen Y, Kucharczyk J, Mintorovitch J, Asgari HS, Wendland MF, et al. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of anisotropic water diffusion in cat central nervous system. Radiology 1990; 176: 439-45.
  328. Mummery CJ, Ashburner J, Scott SK, Wise RJ. Functional neuroimaging of speech perception in six normal and two aphasic subjects. J Acoust Soc Am 1999; 106: 449-57.
  329. Mummery CJ, Patterson K, Hodges J, Price C. Organisation of the semantic system - divisible by what? J Cogn Neurosci 1998; 10: 766-777.
  330. Munte TF, Say T, Clahsen H, Schiltz K, Kutas M. Decomposition of morphologically complex words in English: evidence from event-related brain potentials. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 1999; 7: 241-53.
  331. Munte TF, Szentkuti A, Wieringa BM, Matzke M, Johannes S. Human brain potentials to reading syntactic errors in sentences of different complexity. Neurosci Lett 1997; 235: 105-8.
  332. Murphy LA, Pollatsek A, Well AD. Developmental dyslexia and word retrieval deficits. Brain Lang 1988; 35: 1-23.
  333. Musso M, Moro A, Glauche V, Rijntjes M, Reichenbach J, Buchel C, et al. Broca's area and the language instinct. Nat Neurosci 2003; 6: 774-81.
  334. Näätänen R. Event-related potentials in research of cognitive processes - a classification of components. In: Van der Meer E and Hoffman J, editors. Knowledge-aided information processing. Amsterdam, 1987: 241-273.
  335. Naatanen R, Gaillard AW, Mantysalo S. Early selective-attention effect on evoked potential reinterpreted. Acta Psychol (Amst) 1978; 42: 313-29.
  336. Naatanen R, Teder W, Alho K, Lavikainen J. Auditory attention and selective input modulation: a topographical ERP study. Neuroreport 1992; 3: 493-6.
  337. Navon D, Miller J. Queuing or sharing? A critical evaluation of the single-bottleneck notion. Cognit Psychol 2002; 44: 193-251.
  338. Nazir TA. On the role of refixations in letter strings: the influence of oculomotor factors. Percept Psychophys 1991; 49: 373-89.
  339. Nazir TA. On the relation between the optimal and the preferred viewing position in words during reading. In: Ydewalle G and van Rensbergen J, editors. Perception & Cognition: advances in eye movement research. Amsterdam, 1993: 349-361.
  340. Nazir TA. Traces of print along the visual pathway. In: Kennedy A, Radach R, Heller D and Pynte J, editors. Reading as a perceptual process. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2000: 3-22.
  341. Nazir TA, Ben-Boutayab N, Decoppet N, Deutsch A, Frost R. Reading habits, perceptual learning, and recognition of printed words. Brain Lang 2004; 88: 294-311.
  342. Nazir TA, Heller D, Sussmann C. Letter visibility and word recognition: the optimal viewing position in printed words. Percept Psychophys 1992; 52: 315-28.
  343. Nazir TA, Jacobs AM, O'Regan JK. Letter legibility and visual word recognition. Mem Cognit 1998; 26: 810-21.
  344. Nazir TA, Montant M. Le langage écrit et ses troubles chez l'adulte. In: Solal, editor. Approche cognitive des troubles de la lecture et de l'écriture chez l'enfant et l'adulte. Marseille, 1996: 181-194.
  345. Nazir TA, O'Regan JK, Jacobs AM. On words and their letters. Bull Psychonomic Soc 1991; 29: 171-174.
  346. Neville H, coffey S, Holcomb PJ, Tallal P. The neurobiology of sensory and language processing in language-impaired children. J Cogn Neurosci 1993; 5: 235-253.
  347. Neville HJ, Lawson D. Attention to central and peripheral visual space in a movement detection task: an event-related potential and behavioral study. I. Normal hearing adults. Brain Res 1987; 405: 253-67.
  348. Nicolson RI, Fawcett AJ, Dean P. Developmental dyslexia: the cerebellar deficit hypothesis. Trends Neurosci 2001; 24: 508-11.
  349. Nobre AC, Allison T, McCarthy G. Word recognition in the human inferior temporal lobe. Nature 1994; 372: 260-3.
  350. Norris D. A quantitative multiple-levels model of reading aloud. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 1994; 20: 155-168.
  351. Nunez PL. Electric fields of the brain. New York: Oxford University Press, 1981.
  352. Ono T, Matsuo A, Baba H, Ono K. Is a cortical spike discharge "transferred" to the contralateral cortex via the corpus callosum?: An intraoperative observation of electrocorticogram and callosal compound action potentials. Epilepsia 2002; 43: 1536-42.
  353. O'Regan JK, Jacobs AM. Optimal viewing position effects in word recognition: a challenge to current theory. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 1992; 18: 185-197.
  354. O'Regan JK, Lévy-Schoen A. Eye movement strategy and tactics in word recognition and reading. In: Coltheart M, editor. Attention and performance XII: the psychology of reading. Hillsdale: Erlbaum, N.J., 1987: 363-383.
  355. O'Regan JK, Levy-Schoen A, Pynte J, Brugaillere B. Convenient fixation location within isolated words of different length and structure. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 1984; 10: 250-7.
  356. Orton ST. Word-blindness in school children. Arch Neurol Psychiat 1925; 14: 581-615.
  357. Paap KR, Johansen LS. The case of the vanishing frequency effect: A retest of the verification model. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 1994; 20: 1129-1157.
  358. Paap KR, Newsome SL, McDonald JE, Schvaneveldt RW. An activation--verification model for letter and word recognition: the word-superiority effect. Psychol Rev 1982; 89: 573-94.
  359. Paap KR, Newsome SL, Noel RW. Word shape's in poor shape for the race to the lexicon. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 1984; 10: 413-28.
  360. Pammer K, Hansen PC, Kringelbach ML, Holliday I, Barnes G, Hillebrand A, et al. Visual word recognition: the first half second. Neuroimage 2004; 22: 1819-25.
  361. Patterson K, Hodges JR. Deterioration of word meaning: implications for reading. Neuropsychologia 1992; 30: 1025-40.
  362. Patterson K, Shewell C. Speak and spell: dissociations and word class effects. In: Coltheart M, Sartori G and Job R, editors. The cognitive Neuropsychology of Language. London: Erlbaum, 1987: 273-294.
  363. Paul I, Bott C, Heim S, Eulitz C, Elbert T. Reduced hemispheric asymmetry of the auditory N260m in dyslexia. Neuropsychologia 2005.
  364. Paulesu E, Demonet JF, Fazio F, McCrory E, Chanoine V, Brunswick N, et al. Dyslexia: cultural diversity and biological unity. Science 2001; 291: 2165-7.
  365. Paulesu E, Frith CD, Frackowiak RS. The neural correlates of the verbal component of working memory. Nature 1993; 362: 342-5.
  366. Paulesu E, Frith U, Snowling M, Gallagher A, Morton J, Frackowiak RS, et al. Is developmental dyslexia a disconnection syndrome? Evidence from PET scanning. Brain 1996; 119 ( Pt 1): 143-57.
  367. Paus T, Zatorre R, Hofle N, Caramanos Z, Gotman J, Petrides M, et al. Time-related changes in neural systems underlying attention and arousal during the performance of an auditory vigilance task. J Cogn Neurosci 1997; 9: 392-408.
  368. Peressotti F, Grainger J. The role of letter identity and letter position in orthographic priming. Percept Psychophys 1999; 61: 691-706.
  369. Pernet C, Celsis P, Demonet JF. Selective response to letter categorization within the left fusiform gyrus. Neuroimage 2005.
  370. Pernier J, Bertrand O. Le cerveau en action. In: Dehaene S, editor. Imagerie cérébrale fonctionnelle en psychologie cognitive. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1997: 71-95.
  371. Petersen SE, Fox PT, Posner MI, Mintun M, Raichle ME. Positron emission tomographic studies of the cortical anatomy of single-word processing. Nature 1988; 331: 585-9.
  372. Petersen SE, Fox PT, Snyder AZ, Raichle ME. Activation of extrastriate and frontal cortical areas by visual words and word-like stimuli. Science 1990; 249: 1041-4.
  373. Picton TW, Bentin S, Berg P, Donchin E, Hillyard SA, Johnson R, Jr., et al. Guidelines for using human event-related potentials to study cognition: recording standards and publication criteria. Psychophysiology 2000; 37: 127-52.
  374. Pinker S, Ullman MT. The past and future of the past tense. Trends Cogn Sci 2002; 6: 456-463.
  375. Plante E, Swisher L, Vance R, Rapcsak S. MRI findings in boys with specific language impairment. Brain Lang 1991; 41: 52-66.
  376. Plaut DC, McClelland JL, Seidenberg MS, Patterson K. Understanding normal and impaired word reading: computational principles in quasi-regular domains. Psychol Rev 1996; 103: 56-115.
  377. Plaut DC, Shallice T. Deep dyslexia: a case study of connectionist neuropsychology. Cognitive Neuropsychology 1993; 10: 377-500.
  378. Poldrack RA, Wagner AD, Prull MW, Desmond JE, Glover GH, Gabrieli JD. Functional specialization for semantic and phonological processing in the left inferior prefrontal cortex. Neuroimage 1999; 10: 15-35.
  379. Polich J. Attention, probability, and task demands as determinants of P300 latency from auditory stimuli. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1986; 63: 251-9.
  380. Polich J, Donchin E. P300 and the word frequency effect. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1988; 70: 33-45.
  381. Polich J, Kok A. Cognitive and biological determinants of P300: an integrative review. Biol Psychol 1995; 41: 103-46.
  382. Polk TA, Stallcup M, Aguirre GK, Alsop DC, D'Esposito M, Detre JA, et al. Neural specialization for letter recognition. J Cogn Neurosci 2002; 14: 145-59.
  383. Posner MI. Orienting of attention. Q J Exp Psychol 1980; 32: 3-25.
  384. Posner MI, Abdullaev YG, McCandliss BD, Sereno SC. Neuroanatomy, circuitry and plasticity of word reading. Neuroreport 1999; 10: R12-23.
  385. Posner MI, Gilbert CD. Attention and primary visual cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96: 2585-7.
  386. Posner MI, Petersen SE, Fox PT, Raichle ME. Localization of cognitive operations in the human brain. Science 1988; 240: 1627-31.
  387. Posner MI, Snyder CR, Davidson BJ. Attention and the detection of signals. J Exp Psychol 1980; 109: 160-74.
  388. Poupon C, Clark CA, Frouin V, Regis J, Bloch I, Le Bihan D, et al. Regularization of diffusion-based direction maps for the tracking of brain white matter fascicles. Neuroimage 2000; 12: 184-95.
  389. Price C, Moore C, Friston K. Substractions, conjunctions and interactions in experimental design of activation studies. Hum Brain Mapp 1997a; 5: 264-272.
  390. Price CJ. The anatomy of language: contributions from functional neuroimaging. J Anat 2000; 197 Pt 3: 335-59.
  391. Price CJ, Devlin JT. The myth of the visual word form area. Neuroimage 2003; 19: 473-81.
  392. Price CJ, Friston KJ. Cognitive conjunction: a new approach to brain activation experiments. Neuroimage 1997a; 5: 261-70.
  393. Price CJ, Friston KJ. The temporal dynamics of reading: a PET study. Proc Biol Sci 1997b; 264: 1785-91.
  394. Price CJ, Mechelli A. Reading and reading disturbance. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2005; 15: 231-8.
  395. Price CJ, Moore CJ, Frackowiak RS. The effect of varying stimulus rate and duration on brain activity during reading. Neuroimage 1996a; 3: 40-52.
  396. Price CJ, Moore CJ, Humphreys GW, Wise RJS. Segregating semantic from phonological processes during reading. J Cogn Neurosci 1997b; 9: 727-733.
  397. Price CJ, Winterburn D, Giraud AL, Moore CJ, Noppeney U. Cortical localisation of the visual and auditory word form areas: a reconsideration of the evidence. Brain Lang 2003; 86: 272-86.
  398. Price CJ, Wise RJ, Frackowiak RS. Demonstrating the implicit processing of visually presented words and pseudowords. Cereb Cortex 1996b; 6: 62-70.
  399. Price CJ, Wise RJ, Warburton EA, Moore CJ, Howard D, Patterson K, et al. Hearing and saying. The functional neuro-anatomy of auditory word processing. Brain 1996c; 119 ( Pt 3): 919-31.
  400. Price CJ, Wise RJ, Watson JD, Patterson K, Howard D, Frackowiak RS. Brain activity during reading. The effects of exposure duration and task. Brain 1994; 117 ( Pt 6): 1255-69.
  401. Prinzmetal W. The word-superiority effect does not require a T-scope. Percept & Psychophys 1992; 51: 473-484.
  402. Proverbio AM, Cok B, Zani A. Electrophysiological measures of language processing in bilinguals. J Cogn Neurosci 2002a; 14: 994-1017.
  403. Proverbio AM, Esposito P, Zani A. Early involvement of the temporal area in attentional selection of grating orientation: an ERP study. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 2002b; 13: 139-51.
  404. Proverbio AM, Vecchi L, Zani A. From orthography to phonetics: ERP measures of grapheme-to-phoneme conversion mechanisms in reading. J Cogn Neurosci 2004; 16: 301-17.
  405. Proverbio AM, Zani A. Time course of brain activation during graphemic/phonologic processing in reading: an ERP study. Brain Lang 2003; 87: 412-20.
  406. Pugh KR, Shaywitz BA, Shaywitz SE, Constable RT, Skudlarski P, Fulbright RK, et al. Cerebral organization of component processes in reading. Brain 1996; 119 ( Pt 4): 1221-38.
  407. Pulvermüller F. Words in the brain's language. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1998; 22: 253-336.
  408. Raichle ME, Fiez JA, Videen TO, MacLeod AM, Pardo JV, Fox PT, et al. Practice-related changes in human brain functional anatomy during nonmotor learning. Cereb Cortex 1994; 4: 8-26.
  409. Ramsay SC, Adams L, Murphy K, Corfield DR, Grootoonk S, Bailey DL, et al. Regional cerebral blood flow during volitional expiration in man: a comparison with volitional inspiration. J Physiol 1993; 461: 85-101.
  410. Ramus F. Dyslexia. Talk of two theories. Nature 2001; 412: 393-5.
  411. Ramus F. Neurobiology of dyslexia: a reinterpretation of the data. Trends Neurosci 2004; 27: 720-6.
  412. Ramus F, Rosen S, Dakin SC, Day BL, Castellote JM, White S, et al. Theories of developmental dyslexia: insights from a multiple case study of dyslexic adults. Brain 2003; 126: 841-65.
  413. Rapin I, Allen DA. Syndromes in developmental dysphasia and adult aphasia. Res Publ Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis 1988; 66: 57-75.
  414. Raymond JE, Shapiro KL, Arnell KM. Temporary suppression of visual processing in an RSVP task: an attentional blink? J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 1992; 18: 849-60.
  415. Rayner K, Foorman BR, Perfetti CA, Pesetsky D, Seidenberg MS. How psychological science informs the teaching of reading. Psychol Sci 2001; 2: 31-74.
  416. Rayner K, Pollatsek A. The psychology of reading. Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1989.
  417. Rayner K, Well AD, Pollatsek A. Asymmetry of the effective visual field in reading. Percept Psychophys 1980; 27: 537-44.
  418. Reed MA. Speech perception and the discrimination of brief auditory cues in reading disabled children. J Exp Child Psychol 1989; 48: 270-92.
  419. Reicher GM. Perceptual recognition as a function of meaninfulness of stimulus material. J Exp Psychol 1969; 81: 275-80.
  420. Remez RE, Rubin PE, Pisoni DB, Carrell TD. Speech perception without traditional speech cues. Science 1981; 212: 947-9.
  421. Riesenhuber M, Poggio T. Hierarchical models of object recognition in cortex. Nat Neurosci 1999; 2: 1019-25.
  422. Robichon F, Besson M, Habib M. Mise en évidence d'anomalies neurobiologiques chez le dyslexique adulte : étude des potentiels évoqués lors d'une tâche de lecture. Rev Neuropsychol 1994; 4: 259-260.
  423. Robichon F, Habib M. Abnormal callosal morphology in male adult dyslexics: relationships to handedness and phonological abilities. Brain Lang 1998; 62: 127-46.
  424. Rodriguez-Fornells A, Rotte M, Heinze HJ, Nosselt T, Munte TF. Brain potential and functional MRI evidence for how to handle two languages with one brain. Nature 2002; 415: 1026-9.
  425. Rossini PM, Barker AT, Berardelli A, Caramia MD, Caruso G, Cracco RQ, et al. Non-invasive electrical and magnetic stimulation of the brain, spinal cord and roots: basic principles and procedures for routine clinical application. Report of an IFCN committee. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1994; 91: 79-92.
  426. Rossion B, Joyce CA, Cottrell GW, Tarr MJ. Early lateralization and orientation tuning for face, word, and object processing in the visual cortex. Neuroimage 2003; 20: 1609-24.
  427. Roux FE, Lubrano V, Lauwers-Cances V, Tremoulet M, Mascott CR, Demonet JF. Intra-operative mapping of cortical areas involved in reading in mono- and bilingual patients. Brain 2004; 127: 1796-810.
  428. Rudell AP, Hua J. The recognition potential, word difficulty, and individual reading ability: on using event-related potentials to study perception. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 1997; 23: 1170-95.
  429. Rugg MD. Event-related potentials in phonological matching tasks. Brain Lang 1984; 23: 225-40.
  430. Rugg MD, Milner AD, Lines CR, Phalp R. Modulation of visual event-related potentials by spatial and non-spatial visual selective attention. Neuropsychologia 1987; 25: 85-96.
  431. Rugg MDD, M. C. Melan, C. An ERP study of the effects of within and across-modality word repetition. Language and Cognitive Processes 1993; 8: 337-640.
  432. Rumsey JM, Andreason P, Zametkin AJ, Aquino T, King AC, Hamburger SD, et al. Failure to activate the left temporoparietal cortex in dyslexia. An oxygen 15 positron emission tomographic study. Arch Neurol 1992; 49: 527-34.
  433. Rumsey JM, Horwitz B, Donohue BC, Nace K, Maisog JM, Andreason P. Phonological and orthographic components of word recognition. A PET-rCBF study. Brain 1997a; 120 ( Pt 5): 739-59.
  434. Rumsey JM, Horwitz B, Donohue BC, Nace KL, Maisog JM, Andreason P. A functional lesion in developmental dyslexia: left angular gyral blood flow predicts severity. Brain Lang 1999; 70: 187-204.
  435. Rumsey JM, Nace K, Donohue B, Wise D, Maisog JM, Andreason P. A positron emission tomographic study of impaired word recognition and phonological processing in dyslexic men. Arch Neurol 1997b; 54: 562-73.
  436. Rumsey JM, Zametkin AJ, Andreason P, Hanahan AP, Hamburger SD, Aquino T, et al. Normal activation of frontotemporal language cortex in dyslexia, as measured with oxygen 15 positron emission tomography. Arch Neurol 1994; 51: 27-38.
  437. Salmelin R, Helenius P, Service E. Neurophysiology of fluent and impaired reading: a magnetoencephalographic approach. J Clin Neurophysiol 2000; 17: 163-74.
  438. Salmelin R, Service E, Kiesila P, Uutela K, Salonen O. Impaired visual word processing in dyslexia revealed with magnetoencephalography. Ann Neurol 1996; 40: 157-62.
  439. Saron CD, Davidson RJ. Visual evoked potential measures of interhemispheric transfer time in humans. Behav Neurosci 1989; 103: 1115-38.
  440. Sauseng P, Bergmann J, Wimmer H. When does the brain register deviances from standard word spellings?--An ERP study. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 2004; 20: 529-32.
  441. Savin HB, Bever TG. The non-perceptual reality of the phoneme. JVLVB 1970; 9: 295-302.
  442. Schlaug G, Jancke L, Huang Y, Staiger JF, Steinmetz H. Increased corpus callosum size in musicians. Neuropsychologia 1995; 33: 1047-55.
  443. Schulte-Korne G, Deimel W, Bartling J, Remschmidt H. Auditory processing and dyslexia: evidence for a specific speech processing deficit. Neuroreport 1998; 9: 337-40.
  444. Scott SK, Blank CC, Rosen S, Wise RJ. Identification of a pathway for intelligible speech in the left temporal lobe. Brain 2000; 123 Pt 12: 2400-6.
  445. Segalowitz S, Chevalier H. Event-related potential (ERP) research in Neurolinguistics. In: Stemmer B and Whitaker H, editors. Handbook of Neurolinguistics. San Diego: Academic Press, 1998: 96-122.
  446. Segui J. The syllable: a basic perceptual unit in speech processing? In: Bouma H and Bouwhuis DG, editors. Attention and performance X: Control of language processes. Hillsdale: Erlbaum, L., 1984: 165-181.
  447. Seidenberg MS, McClelland JL. A distributed, developmental model of word recognition and naming. Psychol Rev 1989; 96: 523-68.
  448. Seidenberg MS, McClelland JL. More words but still no lexicon: Reply to Besner et al (1990). Psychol Rev 1990; 97: 447-452.
  449. Seltzer B, Pandya DN. Parietal, temporal, and occipital projections to cortex of the superior temporal sulcus in the rhesus monkey: a retrograde tracer study. J Comp Neurol 1994; 343: 445-63.
  450. Sereno SC, Brewer CC, O'Donnell PJ. Context effects in word recognition: evidence for early interactive processing. Psychol Sci 2003; 14: 328-33.
  451. Sereno SC, Rayner K. The when and where of reading in the brain. Brain Cogn 2000; 42: 78-81.
  452. Sereno SC, Rayner K, Posner MI. Establishing a time-line of word recognition: evidence from eye movements and event-related potentials. Neuroreport 1998; 9: 2195-200.
  453. Serniclaes W, Sprenger-Charolles L, Carre R, Demonet JF. Perceptual discrimination of speech sounds in developmental dyslexia. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2001; 44: 384-99.
  454. Shaywitz BA, Shaywitz SE, Blachman BA, Pugh KR, Fulbright RK, Skudlarski P, et al. Development of left occipitotemporal systems for skilled reading in children after a phonologically- based intervention. Biol Psychiatry 2004; 55: 926-33.
  455. Shaywitz BA, Shaywitz SE, Pugh KR, Mencl WE, Fulbright RK, Skudlarski P, et al. Disruption of posterior brain systems for reading in children with developmental dyslexia. Biol Psychiatry 2002; 52: 101-10.
  456. Shaywitz SE. Dyslexia. N Engl J Med 1998; 338: 307-12.
  457. Shaywitz SE, Shaywitz BA. Dyslexia (specific reading disability). Biol Psychiatry 2005; 57: 1301-9.
  458. Shaywitz SE, Shaywitz BA, Pugh KR, Fulbright RK, Constable RT, Mencl WE, et al. Functional disruption in the organization of the brain for reading in dyslexia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95: 2636-41.
  459. Shulman GL, Corbetta M, Buckner RL, Raichle ME, Fiez JA, Miezin FM, et al. Top-down modulation of early sensory cortex. Cereb Cortex 1997a; 7: 193-206.
  460. Shulman GL, Fiez JA, Corbetta M, Buckner RL, Meizin FM, Raichle ME. Common blood flow changes across visual tasks: II. Decreases in cerebral cortex. J Cogn Neurosci 1997b; 9: 648-663.
  461. Sigman M, Gilbert CD. Learning to find a shape. Nat Neurosci 2000; 3: 264-9.
  462. Simon G, Bernard C, Largy P, Lalonde R, Rebai M. Chronometry of visual word recognition during passive and lexical decision tasks: an ERP investigation. Int J Neurosci 2004; 114: 1401-32.
  463. Simon O, Mangin JF, Cohen L, Le Bihan D, Dehaene S. Topographical layout of hand, eye, calculation, and language-related areas in the human parietal lobe. Neuron 2002; 33: 475-87.
  464. Simos PG, Breier JI, Fletcher JM, Foorman BR, Bergman E, Fishbeck K, et al. Brain activation profiles in dyslexic children during non-word reading: a magnetic source imaging study. Neurosci Lett 2000; 290: 61-5.
  465. Simos PG, Fletcher JM, Bergman E, Breier JI, Foorman BR, Castillo EM, et al. Dyslexia-specific brain activation profile becomes normal following successful remedial training. Neurology 2002; 58: 1203-13.
  466. Siok WT, Perfetti CA, Jin Z, Tan LH. Biological abnormality of impaired reading is constrained by culture. Nature 2004; 431: 71-6.
  467. Snowling M. Phonemic deficits in developmental dyslexia. Psychological Research 1981; 43: 219-234.
  468. Snowling M. Dyslexia. Oxford: Blackwell, 2000.
  469. Spoehr KT, Smith EE. The role of orthographic and phonotactic rules in perceiving letter patterns. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 1975; 104: 21-34.
  470. Sprenger-Charolles L, Cole P, Lacert P, Serniclaes W. On subtypes of developmental dyslexia: evidence from processing time and accuracy scores. Can J Exp Psychol 2000; 54: 87-104.
  471. Squire LR, Stark CE, Clark RE. The medial temporal lobe. Annu Rev Neurosci 2004; 27: 279-306.
  472. Stanners RF, Neiser JJ, Hernon WP, Hall R. Memory representation for morphologically related words. JVLVB 1979; 18: 399-412.
  473. Stein J. The magnocellular theory of developmental dyslexia. Dyslexia 2001; 7: 12-36.
  474. Stein J. Visual motion sensitivity and reading. Neuropsychologia 2003; 41: 1785-93.
  475. Stelmack RM, Miles J. The effect of picture priming on event-related potentials of normal and disabled readers during a word recognition memory task. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1990; 12: 887-903.
  476. Stelmack RM, Saxe BJ, Noldy-Cullum N, Campbell KB, Armitage R. Recognition memory for words and event-related potentials: a comparison of normal and disabled readers. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1988; 10: 185-200.
  477. Stevens M, Grainger J. Letter visibility and the viewing position effect in visual word recognition. Percept Psychophys 2003; 65: 133-51.
  478. Stockall L, Stringfellow A, Marantz A. The precise time course of lexical activation: MEG measurements of the effects of frequency, probability, and density in lexical decision. Brain Lang 2004; 90: 88-94.
  479. Stone J, Leicester J, Sherman SM. The naso-temporal division of the monkey's retina. J Comp Neurol 1973; 150: 333-48.
  480. Suzuki K, Yamadori A. Intact verbal description of letters with diminished awareness of their forms. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000; 68: 782-6.
  481. Swinney DA. Lexical access during sentence comprehension: (re)consideration of context effects. JVLVB 1979; 18: 645-659.
  482. Swinney DA, Cutler A. The access and processing of idiomatic expressions. JVLVB 1979; 18: 523-534.
  483. Taft M, Forster KI. Lexical storage and retrieval of polymorphemic and polysyllabic words. JVLVB 1975; 14: 638-647.
  484. Tagamets MA, Novick JM, Chalmers ML, Friedman RB. A parametric approach to orthographic processing in the brain: an fMRI study. J Cogn Neurosci 2000; 12: 281-97.
  485. Tallal P. Auditory temporal perception, phonics, and reading disabilities in children. Brain Lang 1980; 9: 182-98.
  486. Tallal P, Miller SL, Bedi G, Byma G, Wang X, Nagarajan SS, et al. Language comprehension in language-learning impaired children improved with acoustically modified speech. Science 1996; 271: 81-4.
  487. Tallal P, Stark RE, Mellits ED. Identification of language-impaired children on the basis of rapid perception and production skills. Brain Lang 1985; 25: 314-22.
  488. Tarkiainen A, Cornelissen PL, Salmelin R. Dynamics of visual feature analysis and object-level processing in face versus letter-string perception. Brain 2002; 125: 1125-36.
  489. Tarkiainen A, Helenius P, Hansen PC, Cornelissen PL, Salmelin R. Dynamics of letter string perception in the human occipitotemporal cortex. Brain 1999; 122 ( Pt 11): 2119-32.
  490. Tarkiainen A, Helenius P, Salmelin R. Category-specific occipitotemporal activation during face perception in dyslexic individuals: an MEG study. Neuroimage 2003; 19: 1194-204.
  491. Taylor MJ. The role of event-related potentials in the study of normal and abnormal cognitive development. In: Boller F and Grafman J, editors. Handbook of neuropsychology. Vol 10. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1995: 187-211.
  492. Taylor MJ. Non-spatial attentional effects on P1. Clin Neurophysiol 2002; 113: 1903-8.
  493. Taylor MJ, Keenan NK. Event-related potentials to visual and language stimuli in normal and dyslexic children. Psychophysiology 1990; 27: 318-27.
  494. Temple E, Deutsch GK, Poldrack RA, Miller SL, Tallal P, Merzenich MM, et al. Neural deficits in children with dyslexia ameliorated by behavioral remediation: evidence from functional MRI. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100: 2860-5.
  495. Temple E, Poldrack RA, Protopapas A, Nagarajan S, Salz T, Tallal P, et al. Disruption of the neural response to rapid acoustic stimuli in dyslexia: evidence from functional MRI. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97: 13907-12.
  496. Temple E, Poldrack RA, Salidis J, Deutsch GK, Tallal P, Merzenich MM, et al. Disrupted neural responses to phonological and orthographic processing in dyslexic children: an fMRI study. Neuroreport 2001; 12: 299-307.
  497. Thierry G, Cardebat D, Demonet JF. Electrophysiological comparison of grammatical processing and semantic processing of single spoken nouns. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 2003a; 17: 535-47.
  498. Thierry G, Doyon B, Demonet JF. ERP mapping in phonological and lexical semantic monitoring tasks: A study complementing previous PET results. Neuroimage 1998; 8: 391-408.
  499. Thierry G, Ibarrola D, Demonet JF, Cardebat D. Demand on verbal working memory delays haemodynamic response in the inferior prefrontal cortex. Hum Brain Mapp 2003b; 19: 37-46.
  500. Thompson-Schill SL, D'Esposito M, Aguirre GK, Farah MJ. Role of left inferior prefrontal cortex in retrieval of semantic knowledge: a reevaluation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94: 14792-7.
  501. Townsend JT, Taylor SG, Brown DR. Lateral masking for letters with unlimited viewing time. Percept Psychophys 1971; 10: 375-378.
  502. Trauzettel-Klosinksi S, Reinhard J. The vertical field border in hemianopsia and its significance for fixation and reading. Invest Ophthalm & Visual Sc 1998; 39: 2177-2186.
  503. Tulving E. Organization of memory: Quo vadis? In: Gazzaniga M, editor. The cognitive neurosciences. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1995: 839-847.
  504. Tulving E, Kapur S, Craik FI, Moscovitch M, Houle S. Hemispheric encoding/retrieval asymmetry in episodic memory: positron emission tomography findings. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994; 91: 2016-20.
  505. Tyler LK, Bright P, Fletcher P, Stamatakis EA. Neural processing of nouns and verbs: the role of inflectional morphology. Neuropsychologia 2004; 42: 512-23.
  506. Valdois S, Bosse ML, ANs B, Carbonnel S, Zorman M, David D, et al. Phonological and visual processing deficits can dissociate in developmental dyslexia: Evidence from two case studies. Reading and Writing: An interdisciplinary Journal 2003; 16: 541-572.
  507. Valdois S, Bosse ML, Tainturier MJ. The cognitive deficits responsible for developmental dyslexia: review of evidence for a selective visual attentional disorder. Dyslexia 2004; 10: 339-63.
  508. Valdois S, Gérard C, Vanault P, Dugas M. Peripheral developmental dyslexia: a visual attentional account? Cogn Neuropsychol 1995; 12: 31-67.
  509. Van der Lubbe RH, Woestenburg JC. Location selection in the visual domain. Psychophysiology 2000; 37: 662-76.
  510. van Herten M, Kolk HH, Chwilla DJ. An ERP study of P600 effects elicited by semantic anomalies. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 2005; 22: 241-55.
  511. Vandenberghe R, Nobre AC, Price CJ. The response of left temporal cortex to sentences. J Cogn Neurosci 2002; 14: 550-60.
  512. Vandenberghe R, Price C, Wise R, Josephs O, Frackowiak RS. Functional anatomy of a common semantic system for words and pictures. Nature 1996; 383: 254-6.
  513. Vanier M, Caplan D. CT scan correlates of surface dyslexia. In: Patterson K, Marshall JC and Coltheart M, editors. Surface Dyslexia. London: Erlbaum, 1985: 511-525.
  514. Vitu F. The influence of reading rhythm on the optimal landing position effect. Percept & Psychophys 1991; 50: 58-75.
  515. Vitu F, O'Regan JK, Mittau M. Optimal landing position in reading isolated words and continuous texts. Percept & Psychophys 1990; 47: 583-600.
  516. Vogel EK, Luck SJ, Shapiro KL. Electrophysiological evidence for a postperceptual locus of suppression during the attentional blink. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 1998; 24: 1656-74.
  517. Vogler GP, DeFries JC, Decker SN. Family history as an indicator of risk for reading disability. J Learn Disabil 1985; 18: 412-419.
  518. Vorobyev VA, Alho K, Medvedev SV, Pakhomov SV, Roudas MS, Rutkovskaya JM, et al. Linguistic processing in visual and modality-nonspecific brain areas: PET recordings during selective attention. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 2004; 20: 309-22.
  519. Warrington EK, McCarthy RA. Categories of knowledge. Further fractionations and an attempted integration. Brain 1987; 110 ( Pt 5): 1273-96.
  520. Warrington EK, McCarthy RA. Multiple meaning systems in the brain: a case for visual semantics. Neuropsychologia 1994; 32: 1465-73.
  521. Warrington EK, Shallice T. Word-form dyslexia. Brain 1980; 103: 99-112.
  522. Warrington EK, Shallice T. Category specific semantic impairments. Brain 1984; 107 ( Pt 3): 829-54.
  523. Weintraub S, Mesulam MM. Developmental learning disabilities of the right hemisphere. Emotional, interpersonal, and cognitive components. Arch Neurol 1983; 40: 463-8.
  524. Werker JF, Tees RC. Speech perception in severely disabled and average reading children. Can J Psychol 1987; 41: 48-61.
  525. Wernicke C. Der aphasiche symptomenkomplex. Breslau, Poland, 1874.
  526. Wheeler DD. Processes in word recognition. Cognitive Psychology 1970; 1: 59-85.
  527. Wickens C, Kramer A, Vanasse L, Donchin E. Performance of concurrent tasks: a psychophysiological analysis of the reciprocity of information-processing resources. Science 1983; 221: 1080-2.
  528. Wijers AA, Lange JJ, Mulder G, Mulder LJ. An ERP study of visual spatial attention and letter target detection for isoluminant and nonisoluminant stimuli. Psychophysiology 1997; 34: 553-65.
  529. Wilson CL. Intracranial electrophysiological investigation of the human brain in patients with epilepsy: contributions to basic and clinical research. Exp Neurol 2004; 187: 240-5.
  530. Wise RJ, Greene J, Buchel C, Scott SK. Brain regions involved in articulation. Lancet 1999; 353: 1057-61.
  531. Wise RJ, Scott SK, Blank SC, Mummery CJ, Murphy K, Warburton EA. Separate neural subsystems within 'Wernicke's area'. Brain 2001; 124: 83-95.
  532. Xu B, Grafman J, Gaillard WD, Spanaki M, Ishii K, Balsamo L, et al. Neuroimaging reveals automatic speech coding during perception of written word meaning. Neuroimage 2002; 17: 859-70.
  533. Zatorre RJ, Evans AC, Meyer E, Gjedde A. Lateralization of phonetic and pitch discrimination in speech processing. Science 1992; 256: 846-9.
  534. Zatorre RJ, Meyer E, Gjedde A, Evans AC. PET studies of phonetic processing of speech: review, replication, and reanalysis. Cereb Cortex 1996; 6: 21-30.