Chapter 4
CROSS-SECTIONAL AND TREND-OVER-TIME ANALYSES

The results can be analyzed over time, by cross-section, or both at the same time. First, the income levels are presented with the charts of fractiles for the full time period and by region, as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau: West, Midwest, South, and Northeast.

Table 4.1. The U.S. Census Regions
West Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming.
Midwest Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin.
South Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia.
Northeast Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont.

Second, the ratios dividing the top income levels by the income state average are mapped in selected years. Third, the indicator capturing the departure of top income levels from the U.S. mean is mapped annually from 1913 to 2003 and animated in a short video file that any standard media player can read.