A) A list of Goddesses bearing Germanic epithets

According to the etymology* of the epithets, some Mothers are definitely Celtic, while others are undeniably Germanic. Siegfried Gutenbrunner and Günter Neumann, who have listed and studied the various etymologies of the Germanic bynames* of Mother Goddesses, point out that the divine names ending in -henae, -ehae, -nehae, -eihae, -ahae, -ehiae, -anehae, -inehae, -ahenae are undoubtedly Germanic.²⁰⁸ Kern, Anwyl and Spickermann note that the intervocalic ‘h’ is typical of the Mother Goddess names found in Germanic areas.²⁰⁹ Thus, the Matres Almahae, honoured in Plan-d’Aups-Sainte-Baume (Var), must be Germanic, although they are venerated in France and associated with the Celtic term Matres.²¹⁰ It must be also the case of the Aldemehensae venerated in Rognes (Bouches du Rhône).²¹¹ The existence of inscriptions dedicated to goddesses bearing a Germanic name in Gaul or in Britain can be explained by shifts in population or by the settling of Germanic contingents of the Roman army in those areas.

Below is a list of the various divine names which are regarded as Germanic. This exhaustive list is worth mentioning, for too many goddesses are often claimed to be Celtic - such as in Jüfer’s Répertoire des dieux gaulois - whereas they are definitely not: the Matronae Afliae or Aflims, venerated in Cologne and Wesseling,²¹² the Matronae Ahinehiaein Blankenheim,²¹³the Ahreccanae in Cologne²¹⁴ (who are probably the same as the Ahueccanae in Gleuel),²¹⁵ the Matronae or Nymphae Alaferhuiae in Dormagen, Bonn, Patteren and Altdorf,²¹⁶ the Matronae Albiahenaein Ober-Elvenich,²¹⁷ the Matronae Alhiahenaein Neidenstein,²¹⁸ the Matronae Almaviahenae in Thorr,²¹⁹ the Matronae Alusneihaein Derichsweiler and Inden-Pier,²²⁰ the Matronae Amartninehaein Bonn,²²¹ the Amfratninehae in Bonn,²²² the Matronae Amnesahenaein Thorr,²²³ the Matres Annaneptae in Xanten,²²⁴ the Matres or Matronae Andrustehiae in Cologne, Bonn and Godesberg,²²⁵ the Matronae Anesaminehae in Zülpich,²²⁶ the Aserecinehae in Odendorf-Rheinbach and Odenhausen,²²⁷ the Atufrafinehae in Berkum,²²⁸ the Matronae Audrinehaein Hermülheim,²²⁹ the Matronae or Matres Aufaniaein Germany: Bonn (39), Cologne (8), Nettersheim (13), Commern (1), Iülich (1), Mainz (1), Zülpich (3), Pommern (1), Bürgel (1), Xanten (1), in the Netherlands: Nimwegen (1), in France: Lyons (1) and in Spain: Carmona (1),²³⁰ the Matres Aumenahenaein Cologne,²³¹ the Austriahenae / Austriatium in Morken-Harff and Bonn,²³² the Matronae Authrinehaein Hermülheim,²³³ the Aviaitinehae in Bürgel,²³⁴ the Matronae Axsinginehaein Cologne,²³⁵ the Cantrusteihae in Rheydt, Tetz and Hoeilaart,²³⁶ the Matronae Channinae or Chu(c)henehae in Merzenich and Zülpich,²³⁷ the Matronae Etrahenaein Roedingen, Pesch, Bettenhofen,²³⁸ the Matronae Fachineaein Zingsheim and Euskirchen,²³⁹ the Matronae Fernovinehae in Meckenheim and Cologne,²⁴⁰ the Matres Frisavaein Wissen,²⁴¹ the Ghandrumanehae in Billig,²⁴² the Matronae Hamaheviae in Altdorf,²⁴³ the Matronae Hiherapaein Enzen,²⁴⁴ the Matronae […]illoruhanehae in Euskirchen,²⁴⁵ the Matronae Iulineihiaein Müntz,²⁴⁶ the Matres Kannanef(ates) in Cologne,²⁴⁷ the Matronae Lanehiaein Lechenich,²⁴⁸ the Matronae Mahalinae or Mahlinehae in Deutz, Cologne and Benzelrath,²⁴⁹ the Matres Marsacae in Xanten (?),²⁵⁰ the Matronae Nait[i]enae in Thorr (?),²⁵¹ the Matronae Ratheih(i)aein Euskirchen,²⁵² the Matronae Renahenaein Bonn,²⁵³ the Matronae Romanehae / Rumanehae in Lovenessen, Bonn, Jülich, Uellekoven, Rommers-Kirchen, Weilerswist,²⁵⁴ the Matronae Saitchamiae or Saithamiaein Hoven,²⁵⁵ the Matres Suebae […]euthungae or Sidinae in Cologne and Deutz,²⁵⁶ the Matronae Teniavehaein Blankenheim,²⁵⁷ the Matronae Textumeihae (Ambiamarcae) in Floisdorf, Soller and Boich,²⁵⁸ the Matronae Tummaestiae in Sinzenich,²⁵⁹ the Matronae Turstuahenae in Düren and Vettweis,²⁶⁰ the Matronae Udravarinehaein Cologne and the Udrovarineae in Vellekoven and Thorr,²⁶¹ the Matronae Ulauhinehaein Zülpich,²⁶² the Matres or Matronae Vacallinehae (Leudinae) in Antweiler (3), Pesch (38), Aachen (1), Lessenich (3), Endenich (1), Iversheim (2), Iülich (1) and Saltzvey (1),²⁶³ the Matronae Vallamaeneihiae in Cologne,²⁶⁴ the Vanamianehae in Thorr,²⁶⁵ the Matronae Vanginehae in Erfstadt Friesheim,²⁶⁶ the Matronae Vataranehae, Veteraneahe or Veterahenaein Embken (9), Nideggen-Abenden (9), Rommerskirchen (1) and Wollersheim (3),²⁶⁷ the Matres Vapthiaefound in the Rhine,²⁶⁸ the Matronae Vatviae Berhliahenae Nersihenae in Hasselsweiler, Gusten, Lipp, Roedingen, Iülich and Morken-Harff,²⁶⁹ the Matronae Vesuniahenaein Vettweis and Zülpich,²⁷⁰ the Matronae Vocallinehaein Pesch²⁷¹ and the Xulsigae in Trier.²⁷²

It is also important to point out that some single goddesses can be seen to be not Celtic, on account of the composition of their name. Such is the case of the goddess Travalalhea honoured in Cologne,²⁷³ Vagdavercusta venerated in Brescia (Italy), Adony (Hungary), Cologne, Rindern, Monterberg (Germany) and Hemmen (Netherlands),²⁷⁴ Vidasolithana in Topusko (Croatia)²⁷⁵ and Viradecdis / Viradechtis / Virathethis / Virodachtis in Vechten (Netherlands), Birrens (GB), Strée-lez-Huy (Belgium) and Mainz (Germany).²⁷⁶