Bibliographie

  1. Aghababian V, Nazir TA (2000) Developing normal reading skills: aspects of the visual processes underlying word recognition. J Exp Child Psychol 76:123-150.
  2. Allor JH, Fuchs D, Mathes PG (2001) Do students with and without lexical retrieval weaknesses respond differently to instruction? J Learn Disabil 34:264-275.
  3. Anderson PL, Meier-Hedde R (2001) Early case reports of dyslexia in the United States and Europe. J Learn Disabil 34:9-21.
  4. Andresen DR, Marsolek CJ (2005) Does a causal relation exist between the functional hemispheric asymmetries of visual processing subsystems? Brain Cogn 59:135-144.
  5. Annett M (1985) Left, Right, Hand and Brain: the Right Shift Theory. London: Erlbaum.
  6. Ans B, Carbonnel S, Valdois S (1998) A connectionist multiple-trace memory model for polysyllabic word reading. Psychol Rev 105:678-723.
  7. Aronov D, Andalman AS, Fee MS (2008) A specialized forebrain circuit for vocal babbling in the juvenile songbird. Science 320:630-634.
  8. Baker CI, Liu J, Wald LL, Kwong KK, Benner T, Kanwisher N (2007) Visual word processing and experiential origins of functional selectivity in human extrastriate cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:9087-9092.
  9. Bar M (2003) A cortical mechanism for triggering top-down facilitation in visual object recognition. J Cogn Neurosci 15:600-609.
  10. Bar M, Kassam KS, Ghuman AS, Boshyan J, Schmid AM, Dale AM, Hamalainen MS, Marinkovic K, Schacter DL, Rosen BR, Halgren E (2006) Top-down facilitation of visual recognition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:449-454.
  11. Baynes K, Eliassen JC (1997) The Visual Lexicon: Its Access and Organazation in Commissurotomy Patients. In: Right Hemisphere Language Comprehension: Perspectives from Cognitive Neuroscience (Beeman M, Chiarello C, eds), New York: Erlbaum.
  12. Beaulieu C, Plewes C, Paulson LA, Roy D, Snook L, Concha L, Phillips L (2005) Imaging brain connectivity in children with diverse reading ability. Neuroimage 25:1266-1271.
  13. Behrmann M, Nelson J, Sekuler EB (1998) Visual complexity in letter-by-letter reading: "pure" alexia is not pure. Neuropsychologia 36:1115-1132.
  14. Ben-Shachar M, Dougherty RF, Deutsch GK, Wandell BA (2007) Differential sensitivity to words and shapes in ventral occipito-temporal cortex. Cereb Cortex 17:1604-1611.
  15. Besner D, Twilley L, McCann RS, Seergobin K (1990) On the association between connectionism and data: Are a few words necessary? Psychol Rev 97:432-446.
  16. Bickerton D (1990) Language and Species. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  17. Binder J (1997) Functional magnetic resonance imaging. Language mapping. Neurosurg Clin N Am 8:383-392.
  18. Binder JR, McKiernan KA, Parsons ME, Westbury CF, Possing ET, Kaufman JN, Buchanan L (2003) Neural correlates of lexical access during visual word recognition. J Cogn Neurosci 15:372-393.
  19. Binder JR, Swanson SJ, Hammeke TA, Morris GL, Mueller WM, Fischer M, Benbadis S, Frost JA, Rao SM, Haughton VM (1996) Determination of language dominance using functional MRI: a comparison with the Wada test. Neurology 46: 978-984.
  20. Bitan T, Burman DD, Lu D, Cone NE, Gitelman DR, Mesulam MM, Booth JR (2006) Weaker top-down modulation from the left inferior frontal gyrus in children. Neuroimage 33:991-998.
  21. Bogen JE, Vogel PJ (1962) Cerebral Commissurotomy in Man: Preliminary Case Report. Bull Los Angeles Neurol Soc 27:169-172.
  22. Boles DB (1998) Relationships among multiple task asymmetries. II. A large-sample factor analysis. Brain Cogn 36:268-289.
  23. Bookheimer S (2002) Functional MRI of language: new approaches to understanding the cortical organization of semantic processing. Annu Rev Neurosci 25:151-188.
  24. Booth JR, Burman DD, Meyer JR, Gitelman DR, Parrish TB, Mesulam MM (2003) Relation between brain activation and lexical performance. Hum Brain Mapp 19:155-169.
  25. Bosse ML, Tainturier MJ, Valdois S (2007) Developmental dyslexia: the visual attention span deficit hypothesis. Cognition 104:198-230.
  26. Boulenger V, Roy AC, Paulignan Y, Deprez V, Jeannerod M, Nazir TA (2006) Cross-talk between language processes and overt motor behavior in the first 200 msec of processing. J Cogn Neurosci 18:1607-1615.
  27. Bradshaw JL, Nettleton NC (1983) Human cerebral asymmetry. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  28. Brem S, Bucher K, Halder P, Summers P, Dietrich T, Martin E, Brandeis D (2006) Evidence for developmental changes in the visual word processing network beyond adolescence. Neuroimage 29:822-837.
  29. Broca P (1864) Siège de la faculté du langage articulé: deux cas d'aphémie traumatique produite par des lésions de la troisième circonvolution frontale gauche (observation de M. Ange Duval présentées par P. Broca). Bulletin de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris 5213-217.
  30. Brysbaert M, Vitu F, Schroyens W (1996) The right visual field advantage and the optimal viewing position effect: On the relation between foveal and parafoveal word recognition. Neuropsychology 10:385-395.
  31. Bub DN, Arguin M, Lecours AR (1993) Jules Dejerine and his interpretation of pure alexia. Brain Lang 45:531-559.
  32. Bub DN, Lewine J (1988) Different modes of word recognition in the left and right visual fields. Brain Lang 33:161-188.
  33. Buchel C, Price C, Friston K (1998) A multimodal language region in the ventral visual pathway. Nature 394:274-277.
  34. Busey TA, Vanderkolk JR (2005) Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence for configural processing in fingerprint experts. Vision Res 45:431-448.
  35. Calvin WH, Bickerton D (2000) Lingua ex Machina: Reconciling Darwin and Chomsky with the Human Brain. MIT Press.
  36. Cantalupo C, Hopkins WD (2001) Asymmetric Broca's area in great apes. Nature 414:505.
  37. Castles A, Coltheart M (1993) Varieties of developmental dyslexia. Cognition 47:149-180.
  38. Catani M, Howard RJ, Pajevic S, Jones DK (2002) Virtual in vivo interactive dissection of white matter fasciculi in the human brain. Neuroimage 17:77-94.
  39. Changeux J-P (1983) L'homme neuronale. Paris: Fayard.
  40. Chi JG, Dooling EC, Gilles FH. Left-right asymmetries of the temporal speech areas of the human fetus. Arch Neurol 34 :346-348.
  41. Chomsky N (1966) Topics in the Theory of Generative Grammer. In: Current Trends in Linguistics 3: Theoretical Foundations (Sebeok T, ed), The Hague: Mouton.
  42. Chomsky N (1986) Knowledge of Language: Its Nature, Origin, and Use. New York: Praeger Publishers.
  43. Chomsky N (2006) Trois facteurs dans l'architecture du langage. Nouveaux cahier de linguistique française 27:1-32.
  44. Cohen L, Dehaene S (2004) Specialization within the ventral stream: the case for the visual word form area. Neuroimage 22:466-476.
  45. Cohen L, Dehaene S, Naccache L, Lehericy S, haene-Lambertz G, Henaff MA, Michel F (2000) The visual word form area: spatial and temporal characterization of an initial stage of reading in normal subjects and posterior split-brain patients. Brain 123 ( Pt 2):291-307.
  46. Cohen L, Dehaene S, Vinckier F, Jobert A, Montavont A (2008) Reading normal and degraded words: Contribution of the dorsal and ventral visual pathways. Neuroimage 40:353-366.
  47. Cohen L, Lehericy S, Chochon F, Lemer C, Rivaud S, Dehaene S (2002) Language-specific tuning of visual cortex? Functional properties of the Visual Word Form Area. Brain 125:1054-1069.
  48. Cohen L, Martinaud O, Lemer C, Lehericy S, Samson Y, Obadia M, Slachevsky A, Dehaene S (2003) Visual word recognition in the left and right hemispheres: anatomical and functional correlates of peripheral alexias. Cereb Cortex 13:1313-1333.
  49. Coltheart M (1978) Lexical access in simple reading tasks. In: Strategies of information processing (Underwood G, ed). London:Academic Press, 151- 216.
  50. Coltheart M, Curtis B, Atkins P, Haller M (1993) Models of reading aloud: Dual-route and parallel-distributed-processing approaches. Psychological Review 100:589-608.
  51. Coltheart M, Rastle K, Perry C, Langdon R, Ziegler J (2001) DRC: a dual route cascaded model of visual word recognition and reading aloud. Psychol Rev 108:204-256.
  52. Corballis MC (2005) Did language evolve before speech? International Symposium on Language and Communication The Evolution of Language.
  53. Cornelissen P, Tarkiainen A, Helenius P, Salmelin R (2003) Cortical effects of shifting letter position in letter strings of varying length. J Cogn Neurosci 15:731-746.
  54. Cuenod CA, Bookheimer SY, Hertz-Pannier L, Zeffiro TA, Theodore WH, Le BD (1995) Functional MRI during word generation, using conventional equipment: a potential tool for language localization in the clinical environment. Neurology 45:1821-1827.
  55. Damasio AR, Damasio H (1983) The anatomic basis of pure alexia. Neurology 33:1573-1583.
  56. Darwin C (1859) On the Origin of Species.
  57. Deason RG, Marsolek CJ (2005) A critical boundary to the left-hemisphere advantage in visual-word processing. Brain Lang 92: 251-261.
  58. Deblaere K, Boon PA, Vandemaele P, Tieleman A, Vonck K, Vingerhoets G, Backes W, Defreyne L, Achten E (2004) MRI language dominance assessment in epilepsy patients at 1.0 T: region of interest analysis and comparison with intracarotid amytal testing. Neuroradiology 46:413-420.
  59. Dehaene S (2007) Les Neurones de la Lecture. Paris: Odile Jacob.
  60. Dehaene S, Cohen L (2007) Cultural recycling of cortical maps. Neuron 56:384-398.
  61. Dehaene S, Cohen L, Sigman M, Vinckier F (2005) The neural code for written words: a proposal. Trends Cogn Sci 9:335-341.
  62. Dehaene S, Jobert A, Naccache L, Ciuciu P, Poline JB, Le BD, Cohen L (2004) Letter binding and invariant recognition of masked words: behavioral and neuroimaging evidence. Psychol Sci 15:307-313.
  63. Dehaene S, Naccache L, Cohen L, Bihan DL, Mangin JF, Poline JB, Riviere D (2001) Cerebral mechanisms of word masking and unconscious repetition priming. Nat Neurosci 4:752-758.
  64. Dejerine J (1892) Contribution à l'étude anatomo-pathologique et clinique des différentes variétés de cécité verbale. 1892; 4: 61-90. Mémoires de la Société de Biologie 4:61-90.
  65. Demonet JF, Taylor MJ, Chaix Y (2004) Developmental dyslexia. Lancet 363:1451-1460.
  66. Demonet JF, Thierry G, Cardebat D (2005) Renewal of the neurophysiology of language: functional neuroimaging. Physiol Rev 85:49-95.
  67. Devlin JT, Jamison HL, Gonnerman LM, Matthews PM (2006) The role of the posterior fusiform gyrus in reading. J Cogn Neurosci 18:911-922.
  68. Di Virgilio G, Clark S (1997) Direct interhemispheric visual input to human speech areas. Human Brain Mapping 5:354.
  69. Dortier J-F (2001) Les origines du langage. Sciences Humaines 117:40-41.
  70. Drane DL, Ojemann GA, Ojemann JG, Aylward E, Silbergeld DL, Miller JW, Tranel D (2008) Category-specific recognition and naming deficits following resection of a right anterior temporal lobe tumor in a patient with atypical language lateralization. Cortex.
  71. Dunbar RIM (1996) Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language. London: Faber and Faber.
  72. Ebersberger I, Metzler D, Schwarz C, Paabo S (2002) Genomewide comparison of DNA sequences between humans and chimpanzees. Am J Hum Genet 70:1490-1497.
  73. Efron R (1990) The decline and fall of hemispheric specialization. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaaum.
  74. Ehret G (1987) Left hemisphere advantage in the mouse brain for recognizing ultrasonic communication calls. Nature 325:249-251.
  75. Enard W, Przeworski M, Fisher SE, Lai CS, Wiebe V, Kitano T, Monaco AP, Paabo S (2002) Molecular evolution of FOXP2, a gene involved in speech and language. Nature 418:869-872.
  76. Epelbaum S, Pinel P, Gaillard R, Delmaire C, Perrin M, Dupont S, Dehaene S, Cohen L (2008) Pure alexia as a disconnection syndrome: New diffusion imaging evidence for an old concept. Cortex 44:962-974.
  77. Erdmann B, Dodge R (1898) Psychologische Untersuchungen uber das Lesen, auf Experimenteller Grundlage. Halle: Niemeyer.
  78. Erikson TC (1940) Spread of epileptic discharge. Archives of neurology and psychiatry 43:429-452.
  79. Eriksson J, Larsson A, Nyberg L (2008) Item-specific training reduces prefrontal cortical involvement in perceptual awareness. J Cogn Neurosci 20:1777-1787.
  80. Farid M, Grainger J (1996) How initial fixation position influences visual word recognition: a comparison of French and Arabic. Brain Lang 53:351-368.
  81. Faust M, Kravetz S, Babkoff H (1993) Hemispheric specialization or reading habits: evidence from lexical decision research with Hebrew words and sentences. Brain Lang 44:254-263.
  82. Fiebach CJ, Friederici AD, Muller K, von Cramon DY (2002) fMRI evidence for dual routes to the mental lexicon in visual word recognition. J Cogn Neurosci 14:11-23.
  83. Floel A, Buyx A, Breitenstein C, Lohmann H, Knecht S (2005) Hemispheric lateralization of spatial attention in right- and left-hemispheric language dominance. Behav Brain Res 158:269-275.
  84. Frith U (1985) Beneath the surface of developmental dyslexia. In: Surface dyslexia (Patterson K, Marshall J, Coltheart M, eds), London: Erlbaum.
  85. Gaillard WD, Balsamo LM, Ibrahim Z, Sachs BC, Xu B (2003) fMRI identifies regional specialization of neural networks for reading in young children. Neurology 60:94-100.
  86. Galaburda AM, Loturco J, Ramus F, Fitch RH, Rosen GD (2006) From genes to behavior in developmental dyslexia. Nat Neurosci 9:1213-1217.
  87. Galaburda AM, Sherman GF, Rosen GD, Aboitiz F, Geschwind N (1985) Developmental dyslexia: four consecutive patients with cortical anomalies. Ann Neurol 18:222-233.
  88. Gathers AD, Bhatt R, Corbly CR, Farley AB, Joseph JE (2004) Developmental shifts in cortical loci for face and object recognition. Neuroreport 15:1549-1553.
  89. Gauthier I, Curran T, Curby KM, Collins D (2003) Perceptual interference supports a non-modular account of face processing. Nat Neurosci 6:428-432.
  90. Gauthier I, Skudlarski P, Gore JC, Anderson AW (2000) Expertise for cars and birds recruits brain areas involved in face recognition. Nat Neurosci 3:191-197.
  91. Gazzaniga MS (2005) Forty-five years of split-brain research and still going strong. Nat Rev Neurosci 6:653-659.
  92. Gazzaniga MS, Bogen JE, Sperry RW (1963) Laterality Effects in Somesthesis Following Cerebral Commissurotomy in Man. Neuropsychologia 1:209-215.
  93. Gazzaniga MS, Bogen JE, Sperry RW (1965) Observations on visual perception after disconnexion of the cerebral hemispheres in man. Brain 88:221-236.
  94. Georgiewa P, Rzanny R, Gaser C, Gerhard UJ, Vieweg U, Freesmeyer D, Mentzel HJ, Kaiser WA, Blanz B (2002) Phonological processing in dyslexic children: a study combining functional imaging and event related potentials. Neurosci Lett 318:5-8.
  95. Geschwind DH, Miller BL, DeCarli C, Carmelli D (2002) Heritability of lobar brain volumes in twins supports genetic models of cerebral laterality and handedness. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:3176-3181.
  96. Geschwind N (1965) Disconnexion syndromes in animals and man. I. Brain 88:237-294.
  97. Glassner JJ (2001) Écrire à Sumer : l'invention du cunéiforme. Paris: Seuil.
  98. Gopnik M, Crago MB (1991) Familial aggregation of a developmental language disorder. Cognition 39:1-50.
  99. Gough PB, Hillinger ML (1980) Learning to read. An unnatural act. Bulletin of the Orton Society 30:179-196.
  100. Gough PB, Walsh MA (1991) Chinese, Phoenicians, and the orthographic cipher of English. In: Phonological processes In literacy (Brady SA, Shankweiler DP, eds), Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  101. Gould SJ (1980) Is a new and general theory of evolution emerging? Paleobiology 6:119-130.
  102. Grainger J, Rey A, Dufau S (2008) Letter perception: from pixels to pandemonium. Trends Cogn Sci 12:381-387.
  103. Grainger J, Whitney C (2004) Does the huamn mnid raed wrods as a wlohe? Trends Cogn Sci 8:58-59.
  104. Grill-Spector K, Sayres R, Ress D (2006) High-resolution imaging reveals highly selective nonface clusters in the fusiform face area. Nat Neurosci 9:1177-1185.
  105. Gros H, Doyon B, Rioual K, Celsis P (2002) Automatic grapheme processing in the left occipitotemporal cortex. Neuroreport 13:1021-1024.
  106. Haesler S, Rochefort C, Georgi B, Licznerski P, Osten P, Scharff C (2007) Incomplete and inaccurate vocal imitation after knockdown of FoxP2 in songbird basal ganglia nucleus Area X. PLoS Biol 5:e321.
  107. Hagemann D (2004) Individual differences in anterior EEG asymmetry: methodological problems and solutions. Biol Psychol 67:157-182.
  108. Halpern ME, Liang JO, Gamse JT (2003). Learning to the lft : laterality in the Zebrafish forebrain. Trends Neurosci 26:308-313.
  109. Hamada H, Meno C, Watanabe D, Saijoh Y (2002) Establishment of vertebrate left-right asymmetry. Nature Rev Genet 3:103-113.
  110. Hanley JR, Kay J (1996) Reading speed in pure alexia. Neuropsychologia 34:1165-1174.
  111. Harrington A (1987) Medicine, Mind, and the Double Brain. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  112. Hasson U, Levy I, Behrmann M, Hendler T, Malach R (2002) Eccentricity bias as an organizing principle for human high-order object areas. Neuron 34:479-490.
  113. Hauser MD, Andersson K (1994) Left hemisphere dominance for processing vocalizations in adult, but not infant, rhesus monkeys: field experiments. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91:3946-3948.
  114. Haxby JV, Ungerleider LG, Clark VP, Schouten JL, Hoffman EA, Martin A (1999) The effect of face inversion on activity in human neural systems for face and object perception. Neuron 22:189-199.
  115. Heim S, Keil A (2004) Large-scale neural correlates of developmental dyslexia. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 13:125-140.
  116. Hellige JB (1993) Hemisphric asymmetry: What's right and what's left? Cambridge, MA: Harvard University.
  117. Hillis AE, Newhart M, Heidler J, Barker P, Herskovits E, Degaonkar M (2005) The roles of the "visual word form area" in reading. Neuroimage 24:548-559.
  118. Hirata M, Kato A, Taniguchi M, Saitoh Y, Ninomiya H, Ihara A, Kishima H, Oshino S, Baba T, Yorifuji S, Yoshimine T (2004) Determination of language dominance with synthetic aperture magnetometry: comparison with the Wada test. Neuroimage 23:46-53
  119. Hirayasu Y; McCarley RW; Salisbury DF; Tanaka S; Kwon JS; Frumin M; Snyderman D; Yurgelun-Todd D; Kikinis R; Jolesz FA; Shenton ME (2000) Planum temporale and Heschl gyrus volume reduction in schizophrenia: a magnetic resonance imaging study of first-episode patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 57 :692-699.
  120. Horwitz B, Rumsey JM, Donohue BC (1998) Functional connectivity of the angular gyrus in normal reading and dyslexia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95:8939-8944.
  121. Howard D, Patterson K, Wise R, Brown WD, Friston K, Weiller C, Frackowiak R (1992) The cortical localization of the lexicons. Positron emission tomography evidence. Brain 115 ( Pt 6):1769-1782.
  122. Huckauf A, Nazir TA (2007) How odgcrnwi becomes crowding: stimulus-specific learning reduces crowding. J Vis 7:18-12.
  123. Hunter ZR, Brysbaert M (2008) Visual half-field experiments are a good measure of cerebral language dominance if used properly: evidence from fMRI. Neuropsychologia 46:316-325.
  124. Ingman M, Kaessmann H, Paabo S, Gyllensten U (2000) Mitochondrial genome variation and the origin of modern humans. Nature 408:708-713.
  125. James KH, James TW, Jobard G, Wong AC, Gauthier I (2005) Letter processing in the visual system: different activation patterns for single letters and strings. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 5:452-466.
  126. Jansen A, Deppe M, Schwindt W, Mohammadi S, Sehlmeyer C, Knecht S (2006a) Interhemispheric dissociation of language regions in a healthy subject. Arch Neurol 63:1344-1346.
  127. Jansen A, Floel A, Deppe M, van RJ, Drager B, Kanowski M, Knecht S (2004) Determining the hemispheric dominance of spatial attention: a comparison between fTCD and fMRI. Hum Brain Mapp 23:168-180.
  128. Jansen A, Floel A, Menke R, Kanowski M, Knecht S (2005) Dominance for language and spatial processing: limited capacity of a single hemisphere. Neuroreport 16:1017-1021.
  129. Jansen A, Lohmann H, Scharfe S, Sehlmeyer C, Deppe M, Knecht S (2007) The association between scalp hair-whorl direction, handedness and hemispheric language dominance: is there a common genetic basis of lateralization? Neuroimage 35:853-861.
  130. Jansen A, Menke R, Sommer J, Forster AF, Bruchmann S, Hempleman J, Weber B, Knecht S (2006b) The assessment of hemispheric lateralization in functional MRI--robustness and reproducibility. Neuroimage 33:204-217.
  131. Jobard G, Crivello F, Tzourio-Mazoyer N (2003) Evaluation of the dual route theory of reading: a metanalysis of 35 neuroimaging studies. Neuroimage 20:693-712.
  132. Jordan TR, Redwood M, Patching GR (2003) Effects of form familiarity on perception of words, pseudowords, and nonwords in the two cerebral hemispheres. J Cogn Neurosci 15:537–548.
  133. Joseph JE, Cerullo MA, Farley AB, Steinmetz NA, Mier CR (2006) fMRI correlates of cortical specialization and generalization for letter processing. Neuroimage 32:806-820.
  134. Kanwisher N, McDermott J, Chun MM (1997) The fusiform face area: a module in human extrastriate cortex specialized for face perception. J Neurosci 17:4302-4311.
  135. Kazandjian S, Dupierrix E, Gaash E, Love IY, Zivotofsky AZ, De AM, Chokron S (2009) Egocentric reference in bidirectional readers as measured by the straight-ahead pointing task. Brain Res 1247:133-141.
  136. Kennedy DN, O'Craven KM, Ticho BS, Goldstein AM, Makris N, Henson JW (1999) Structural and functional brain asymmetries in human situs inversus totalis. Neurology 53:1260-1265.
  137. Kim H (1994) Distributions of hemispheric asymmetry in left-handers and right-handers : Data from perceptual asymmetry studies. Neurpsychology 8 :148-159.
  138. Kirsner K, Schwartz S (1986) Words and hemifields: Do the hemifields enjoy equal opportuniity? Brain and Cognition 5:354-361.
  139. Klar AJ (1996) A single locus, RGHT, specifies preference for hand utilization in humans. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 61:59-65.
  140. Klingberg T, Hedehus M, Temple E, Salz T, Gabrieli JD, Moseley ME, Poldrack RA (2000) Microstructure of temporo-parietal white matter as a basis for reading ability: evidence from diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. Neuron 25:493-500.
  141. Knecht S, Drager B, Deppe M, Bobe L, Lohmann H, Floel A, Ringelstein EB, Henningsen H (2000) Handedness and hemispheric language dominance in healthy humans. Brain 123 Pt 12:2512-2518.
  142. Knecht S, Drager B, Floel A, Lohmann H, Breitenstein C, Deppe M, Henningsen H, Ringelstein EB (2001) Behavioural relevance of atypical language lateralization in healthy subjects. Brain 124:1657-1665.
  143. Koenig O, Wetzel C, Caramazza A (1992). Evidence for different types of lexical representations in the cerebral hemispheres. Cogn Neuropsychol, 9:33–45.
  144. Kosslyn SM (1987) Seeing and imagining in the cerebral hemispheres: a computational approach. Psychol Rev 94:148-175.
  145. Krause J, Lalueza-Fox C, Orlando L, Enard W, Green RE, Burbano HA, Hublin JJ, Hanni C, Fortea J, de la RM, Bertranpetit J, Rosas A, Paabo S (2007) The derived FOXP2 variant of modern humans was shared with Neandertals. Curr Biol 17:1908-1912.
  146. Kuo WJ, Yeh TC, Duann JR, Wu YT, Ho LT, Hung D, Tzeng OJ, Hsieh JC (2001) A left-lateralized network for reading Chinese words: a 3 T fMRI study. Neuroreport 12:3997-4001.
  147. Lai CS, Fisher SE, Hurst JA, Vargha-Khadem F, Monaco AP (2001) A forkhead-domain gene is mutated in a severe speech and language disorder. Nature 413:519-523.
  148. Law SK, Rohrbaugh JW, Adams CM, Eckardt MJ (1993) Improving spatial and temporal resolution in evoked EEG responses using surface Laplacians. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 88:309-322.
  149. Lee D, Swanson SJ, Sabsevitz DS, Hammeke TA, Scott WF, Possing ET, Binder JR (2008) Functional MRI and Wada studies in patients with interhemispheric dissociation of language functions. Epilepsy Behav 13:350-356.
  150. Lenneberg EH (1966) The natural history of language (Ed.) The Genesis of Language. Cambridge: M.I.T. Press. In: The Genesis of Language (Smith F&MGA, ed), Cambridge: M.I.T. Press.
  151. Leppanen PH, Richardson U, Pihko E, Eklund KM, Guttorm TK, Aro M, Lyytinen H (2002) Brain responses to changes in speech sound durations differ between infants with and without familial risk for dyslexia. Dev Neuropsychol 22:407-422.
  152. Lichtheim L (1885) On aphasia. Brain 8:433-84.
  153. Malach R, Levy I, Hasson U (2002) The topography of high-order human object areas. Trends Cogn Sci 6:176-184.
  154. Marshall JC, Newcombe F (1973) Patterns of paralexia: a psycholinguistic approach. J Psycholinguist Res 2:175-199.
  155. Maurer U, Brem S, Bucher K, Brandeis D (2005) Emerging neurophysiological specialization for letter strings. J Cogn Neurosci 17:1532-1552.
  156. Maurer U, Brem S, Kranz F, Bucher K, Benz R, Halder P, Steinhausen HC, Brandeis D (2006) Coarse neural tuning for print peaks when children learn to read. Neuroimage 33:749-758.
  157. Maurer U, Bucher K, Brem S, Brandeis D (2003) Altered responses to tone and phoneme mismatch in kindergartners at familial dyslexia risk. Neuroreport 14:2245-2250.
  158. Mayall K, Humphreys GW, Mechelli A, Olson A, Price CJ (2001) The effects of case mixing on word recognition: evidence from a PET study. J Cogn Neurosci 13:844-853.
  159. McCandliss BD, Cohen L, Dehaene S (2003) The visual word form area: expertise for reading in the fusiform gyrus. Trends Cogn Sci 7:293-299.
  160. McClelland JL (1979) On the time relations of mental processes: an examination of systems of processes in cascade. Psychol Rev 86:287-330.
  161. McCrory EJ, Mechelli A, Frith U, Price CJ (2005) More than words: a common neural basis for reading and naming deficits in developmental dyslexia? Brain 128:261-267.
  162. McManus IC (1985) Handedness, language dominance and aphasia: a genetic model. Psychological Medicine Monograph Supplement 8.
  163. Mechelli A, Crinion JT, Long S, Friston KJ, Lambon Ralph MA, Patterson K, McClelland JL, Price CJ (2005) Dissociating reading processes on the basis of neuronal interactions. J Cogn Neurosci 17:1753-1765.
  164. Mechelli A, Friston KJ, Price CJ (2000) The effects of presentation rate during word and pseudoword reading: a comparison of PET and fMRI. J Cogn Neurosci 12 Suppl 2:145-156.
  165. Meng H, Smith SD, Hager K, Held M, Liu J, Olson RK, Pennington BF, DeFries JC, Gelernter J, O'Reilly-Pol T, Somlo S, Skudlarski P, Shaywitz SE, Shaywitz BA, Marchione K, Wang Y, Paramasivam M, LoTurco JJ, Page GP, Gruen JR (2005) DCDC2 is associated with reading disability and modulates neuronal development in the brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:17053-17058.
  166. Moore CJ, Price CJ (1999) Three distinct ventral occipitotemporal regions for reading and object naming. Neuroimage 10:181–192.
  167. Morris RD, Shaywitz SE, Lyon GR, Shankweiler DP, Katz L, Francis DJ, Shaywitz BA, Stuebing K, Fletcher J (1998) Subtypes of reading disability: Variability around a phonological core. J Educ Psychol 90:347-373.
  168. Morton J, Patterson K (1980) A new attempt at an interpretation, or, an attempt at a new interpretation. (Coltheart M, Patterson K, Marshall JC, eds), London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
  169. Munakata Y, McClelland JL, Johnson MH, Siegler RS (1997) Rethinking infant knowledge: toward an adaptive process account of successes and failures in object permanence tasks. Psychol Rev 104:686-713.
  170. Nakamura K, Dehaene S, Jobert A, Le BD, Kouider S (2005) Subliminal convergence of Kanji and Kana words: further evidence for functional parcellation of the posterior temporal cortex in visual word perception. J Cogn Neurosci 17:954-968.
  171. Nazir TA, Ben-Boutayab N, Decoppet N, Deutsch A, Frost R (2004) Reading habits, perceptual learning, and recognition of printed words. Brain Lang 88:294-311.
  172. New B, Pallier C, Ferrand L, Matos R (2001) Une base de données lexicales du français contemporain sur internet : LEXIQUE. L’Année Psychologique, 101, 447-462.
  173. New B, Pallier C, Brysbaert M, Ferrand L (2004) Lexique 2: a new French lexical database. Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput 36:516-524.
  174. Newmeyer F (2003) Grammar is grammar and usage is usage. Language 79:682-707.
  175. Nicholls ME, Wood AG (1998) The contribution of attention to the right visual field advantage for word recognition. Brain Cogn 38:339-357.
  176. Nobre AC, Allison T, McCarthy G (1994) Word recognition in the human inferior temporal lobe. Nature 372:260-263.
  177. Nottebohm F (1994) The song circuits of the avian brain as a model system in which to study vocal learning, communication and manipulation. Discussion in Neurosciences 10:72-81.
  178. Oldfield RC (1971) The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia 9:97-113.
  179. Oostendorp TF, van OA (1996) The surface Laplacian of the potential: theory and application. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 43:394-405.
  180. Orbach J (1952) Retinal locus as a factor in the recognition of visually perceived words. Am J Psychol 65:555-562.
  181. Orton ST. Reading, writing, and speech ploblems in children and selected papers (The International Dyslexia Association, Balimore, 1937).
  182. Pammer K, Hansen PC, Kringelbach ML, Holliday I, Barnes G, Hillebrand A, Singh KD, Cornelissen PL (2004) Visual word recognition: the first half second. Neuroimage 22:1819-1825.
  183. Paracchini S, Thomas A, Castro S, Lai C, Paramasivam M, Wang Y, Keating BJ, Taylor JM, Hacking DF, Scerri T, Francks C, Richardson AJ, Wade-Martins R, Stein JF, Knight JC, Copp AJ, Loturco J, Monaco AP (2006) The chromosome 6p22 haplotype associated with dyslexia reduces the expression of KIAA0319, a novel gene involved in neuronal migration. Hum Mol Genet 15:1659-1666.
  184. Paulesu E, Demonet JF, Fazio F, McCrory E, Chanoine V, Brunswick N, Cappa SF, Cossu G, Habib M, Frith CD, Frith U (2001) Dyslexia: cultural diversity and biological unity. Science 291:2165-2167.
  185. Paulesu E, Frith U, Snowling M, Gallagher A, Morton J, Frackowiak RS, Frith CD (1996) Is developmental dyslexia a disconnection syndrome? Evidence from PET scanning. Brain 119 ( Pt 1):143-157.
  186. Paulesu E, McCrory E, Fazio F, Menoncello L, Brunswick N, Cappa SF, Cotelli M, Cossu G, Corte F, Lorusso M, Pesenti S, Gallagher A, Perani D, Price C, Frith CD, Frith U (2000) A cultural effect on brain function. Nat Neurosci 3:91-96.
  187. Peelen MV, Heslenfeld DJ, Theeuwes J (2004) Endogenous and exogenous attention shifts are mediated by the same large-scale neural network. Neuroimage 22:822-830.
  188. Perani D, Cappa SF, Schnur T, Tettamanti M, Collina S, Rosa MM, Fazio F (1999) The neural correlates of verb and noun processing. A PET study. Brain 122 ( Pt 12):2337-2344.
  189. Perrin F, Bertrand O, Pernier J (1987) Scalp current density mapping: value and estimation from potential data. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 34:283-288.
  190. Perry C, Ziegler JC, Zorzi M (2007) Nested incremental modeling in the development of computational theories: the CDP+ model of reading aloud. Psychol Rev 114:273-315.
  191. Petersen SE, Fox PT, Posner MI, Mintun M, Raichle ME (1988) Positron emission tomographic studies of the cortical anatomy of single-word processing. Nature 331:585-589.
  192. Petersen SE, Fox PT, Posner MI, Mintun M, Raichle ME (1989) Positron emission tomographic studies of the processing of singe words. J Cogn Neurosci 1:153-170.
  193. Petersen SE, Fox PT, Snyder AZ, Raichle ME (1990) Activation of extrastriate and frontal cortical areas by visual words and word-like stimuli. Science 249:1041-1044.
  194. Pinker S, Bloom P (1990) Natural Language and Natural Selection. Behav Brain Sci 13:707-784.
  195. Polk TA, Farah MJ (2002) Functional MRI evidence for an abstract, not perceptual, word-form area. J Exp Psychol Gen 131:65-72.
  196. Posner MI, Carr TH (1992) Lexical access and the brain: anatomical constraints on cognitive models of word recognition. Am J Psychol 105:1-26.
  197. Powell HW, Parker GJ, Alexander DC, Symms MR, Boulby PA, Wheeler-Kingshott CA, Barker GJ, Noppeney U, Koepp MJ, Duncan JS (2006) Hemispheric asymmetries in language-related pathways: a combined functional MRI and tractography study. Neuroimage 32:388-399.
  198. Price CJ (2000) The anatomy of language: contributions from functional neuroimaging. J Anat 197 Pt 3:335-359.
  199. Price CJ, Devlin JT (2003) The myth of the visual word form area. Neuroimage 19:473-481.
  200. Price CJ, Friston KJ (1997) The temporal dynamics of reading: a PET study. Proc Biol Sci 264:1785-1791.
  201. Price CJ, Friston KJ (2005) Functional ontologies for cognition: The systematic definition of structure and function. Cogne Neuropsychol, 22:262–275
  202. Price CJ, Wise RJ, Watson JD, Patterson K, Howard D, Frackowiak RS (1994) Brain activity during reading. The effects of exposure duration and task. Brain 117 ( Pt 6):1255-1269.
  203. Pugh KR, Mencl WE, Jenner AR, Katz L, Frost SJ, Lee JR, Shaywitz SE, Shaywitz BA (2000) Functional neuroimaging studies of reading and reading disability (developmental dyslexia). Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev 6:207-213.
  204. Pujol J, Deus J, Losilla JM, Capdevila A (1999) Cerebral lateralization of language in normal left-handed people studied by functional MRI. Neurology 52:1038-1043.
  205. Pulvermuller F, Lutzenberger W, Preissl H (1999) Nouns and verbs in the intact brain: evidence from event-related potentials and high-frequency cortical responses. Cereb Cortex 9:497-506.
  206. Ramus F, Rosen S, Dakin SC, Day BL, Castellote JM, White S, Frith U (2003) Theories of developmental dyslexia: insights from a multiple case study of dyslexic adults. Brain 126:841-865.
  207. Rauschecker AM, Deutsch GK, Ben-Shachar M, Schwartzman A, Perry LM, Dougherty RF (2009) Reading impairment in a patient with missing arcuate fasciculus. Neuropsychologia 47:180-194.
  208. Rayner K, Foorman BR, Perfetti CA, Pesetsky D, Seidenberg MS (2001) How psychological science informs the teaching of reading. Psychol Sci 2:31-74.
  209. Reboul A (2007) Langage et cognition humaine. Grenoble: Presses Universitaire de Grenoble.
  210. Reinke K, Fernandes M, Schwindt G, O'Craven K, Grady CL (2008) Functional specificity of the visual word form area: general activation for words and symbols but specific network activation for words. Brain Lang 104:180-189.
  211. Rilling JK, Glasser MF, Preuss TM, Ma X, Zhao T, Hu X, Behrens TE (2008) The evolution of the arcuate fasciculus revealed with comparative DTI. Nat Neurosci 11:426-428.
  212. Rochefort C, He X, Scotto-Lomassese S, Scharff C (2007) Recruitment of FoxP2-expressing neurons to area X varies during song development. Dev Neurobiol 67:809-817.
  213. Rogers LJ (2000) Evolution of hemispheric specialization: advantages and disadvantages. Brain Lang 73:236-253.
  214. Rogers LJ, Zucca P, Vallortigara G (2004) Advantages of having a lateralized brain. Proc Biol Sci 271 Suppl 6:S420-S422.
  215. Rossion B, Caldara R, Seghier M, Schuller AM, Lazeyras F, Mayer E (2003) A network of occipito-temporal face-sensitive areas besides the right middle fusiform gyrus is necessary for normal face processing. Brain 126:2381-2395.
  216. Rowan A, Liegeois F, Vargha-Khadem F, Gadian D, Connelly A, Baldeweg T (2004) Cortical lateralization during verb generation: a combined ERP and fMRI study. Neuroimage 22:665-675.
  217. Rumelhart DE, McClelland JL, the PDP Research Group (1986) Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition. Cambridge,MA: MIT Press.
  218. Seidenberg MS, McClelland JL (1989) A distributed, developmental model of word recognition and naming. Psychol Rev 96:523-568.
  219. Shaywitz BA, Shaywitz SE, Pugh KR, Mencl WE, Fulbright RK, Skudlarski P, Constable RT, Marchione KE, Fletcher JM, Lyon GR, Gore JC (2002) Disruption of posterior brain systems for reading in children with developmental dyslexia. Biol Psychiatry 52:101-110.
  220. Shaywitz SE, Shaywitz BA, Pugh KR, Fulbright RK, Constable RT, Mencl WE, Shankweiler DP, Liberman AM, Skudlarski P, Fletcher JM, Katz L, Marchione KE, Lacadie C, Gatenby C, Gore JC (1998) Functional disruption in the organization of the brain for reading in dyslexia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95:2636-2641.
  221. Silani G, Frith U, Demonet JF, Fazio F, Perani D, Price C, Frith CD, Paulesu E (2005) Brain abnormalities underlying altered activation in dyslexia: a voxel based morphometry study. Brain 128:2453-2461.
  222. Simos PG, Breier JI, Fletcher JM, Bergman E, Papanicolaou AC (2000) Cerebral mechanisms involved in word reading in dyslexic children: a magnetic source imaging approach. Cereb Cortex 10:809-816.
  223. Springer SP, Deutsch G (1993) Left brain, right brain: Perspectives from Cognitive Neuroscience. New York: W.H. Freema.
  224. Sun T, Walsh CA (2006) Molecular approaches to brain asymmetry and handedness. Nat Rev Neurosci 7:655-662.
  225. Szaflarski JP, Binder JR, Possing ET, McKiernan KA, Ward BD, Hammeke TA (2002) Language lateralization in left-handed and ambidextrous people: fMRI data. Neurology 59:238-244.
  226. Tan LH, Laird AR, Li K, Fox PT (2005) Neuroanatomical correlates of phonological processing of Chinese characters and alphabetic words: a meta-analysis. Hum Brain Mapp 25:83-91.
  227. Tanaka JW, Curran T (2001) A neural basis for expert object recognition. Psychol Sci 12:43-47.
  228. Tenke CE, Kayser J (2005) Reference-free quantification of EEG spectra: combining current source density (CSD) and frequency principal components analysis (fPCA). Clin Neurophysiol 116:2826-2846.
  229. Teramitsu I, White SA (2008) Motor learning: the FoxP2 puzzle piece. Curr Biol 18:R335-R337.
  230. Terrace HS, Petitto LA, Sanders RJ, Bever TG (1979) Can an ape create a sentence? Science 206:891-902.
  231. Thiel A, Herholz K, von Stockhausen HM, van Leyen-Pilgram K, Pietrzyk U, Kessler J, Wienhard K, Klug N, Heiss WD (1998) Localization of language-related cortex with 15O-labeled water PET in patients with gliomas. Neuroimage 7:284-295.
  232. Thomas C, Altenmuller E, Marckmann G, Kahrs J, Dichgans J (1997) Language processing in aphasia: Changes in lateralization patterns during recovery reflect cerebral plasticity in adults. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 102:86–97.
  233. Toga AW, Thompson PM (2003) Mapping brain asymmetry. Nat Rev Neurosci 4:37-48.
  234. Tomasello M (1999) The cultural origins of human cognition. Harvard: Harvard University Press.
  235. Turkeltaub PE, Gareau L, Flowers DL, Zeffiro TA, Eden GF (2003) Development of neural mechanisms for reading. Nat Neurosci 6:767-773.
  236. Tzourio-Mazoyer N, Landeau B, Papathanassiou D, Crivello F, Etard O, Delcroix N, Mazoyer B, Joliot M (2002) Automated anatomical labeling of activations in SPM using a macroscopic anatomical parcellation of the MNI MRI single-subject brain. Neuroimage 15:273-289.
  237. Valdois S, Bosse ML, Tainturier MJ (2004) The cognitive deficits responsible for developmental dyslexia: review of evidence for a selective visual attentional disorder. Dyslexia 10:339-363.
  238. Vallortigara G, Rogers LJ (2005) Survival with an asymmetrical brain: advantages and disadvantages of cerebral lateralization. Behav Brain Sci 28:575-589.
  239. Van Essen DC (2005) A population-average, landmark- and surface-based (PALS) atlas of human cerebral cortex. Neuroimage 28 : 635-662.
  240. Vargha-Khadem F, Watkins K, Alcock K, Fletcher P, Passingham R (1995) Praxic and nonverbal cognitive deficits in a large family with a genetically transmitted speech and language disorder. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92:930-933.
  241. Vargha-Khadem F, Watkins KE, Price CJ, Ashburner J, Alcock KJ, Connelly A, Frackowiak RS, Friston KJ, Pembrey ME, Mishkin M, Gadian DG, Passingham RE (1998) Neural basis of an inherited speech and language disorder. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95:12695-12700.
  242. Vernes SC, Spiteri E, Nicod J, Groszer M, Taylor JM, Davies KE, Geschwind DH, Fisher SE (2007) High-throughput analysis of promoter occupancy reveals direct neural targets of FOXP2, a gene mutated in speech and language disorders. Am J Hum Genet. 81:1232-50.
  243. Vigneau M, Beaucousin V, Herve PY, Duffau H, Crivello F, Houde O, Mazoyer B, Tzourio-Mazoyer N (2006) Meta-analyzing left hemisphere language areas: phonology, semantics, and sentence processing. Neuroimage 30:1414-1432.
  244. Vigneau M, Jobard G, Mazoyer B, Tzourio-Mazoyer N (2005) Word and non-word reading: what role for the Visual Word Form Area? Neuroimage 27:694-705.
  245. Vinckier F, Naccache L, Papeix C, Forget J, Hahn-Barma V, Dehaene S, Cohen L (2006) "What" and "where" in word reading: ventral coding of written words revealed by parietal atrophy. J Cogn Neurosci 18:1998-2012.
  246. Xue G, Chen C, Jin Z, Dong Q (2006). Cerebral asymmetry in the fusiform areas predicted the efficiency of learning a new writing system. J Cogn Neurosci, 18, 923–931.
  247. Warrington EK, Shallice T (1980) Word-form dyslexia. Brain 103:99-112.
  248. Watson NF, Dodrill C, Farrell D, Holmes MD, Miller JW (2004) Determination of language dominance with near-infrared spectroscopy: comparison with the intracarotid amobarbital procedure. Seizure 13:399-402.
  249. Weber B, Hoppe C, Faber J, Axmacher N, Fliessbach K, Mormann F, Weis S, Ruhlmann J, Elger CE, Fernandez G (2006) Association between scalp hair-whorl direction and hemispheric language dominance. Neuroimage 30:539-543.
  250. Wernicke C (1874) Der Aphasische Symptomenkomplex. Breslau: Cohn & Weigert.
  251. Wilke M, Lidzba K (2007) LI-tool: a new toolbox to assess lateralization in functional MR-data. J Neurosci Methods 163:128-136.
  252. Wilke M, Schmithorst VJ (2006) A combined bootstrap/histogram analysis approach for computing a lateralization index from neuroimaging data. Neuroimage 33:522-530.
  253. Wolf M, Bowers P (2000) The question of naming-speed deficits in developmental reading disabilities: An introduction to the double-deficit hypothesis. J Learn Disabil 33:322-324.
  254. Wood B, Collard M (1999) The human genus. Science 284:65-71.
  255. Wright ND, Mechelli A, Noppeney U, Veltman DJ, Rombouts SA, Glensman J, Haynes JD, Price CJ (2008) Selective activation around the left occipito-temporal sulcus for words relative to pictures: individual variability or false positives? Hum Brain Mapp 29:986-1000.
  256. Yetkin FZ, Swanson S, Fischer M, Akansel G, Morris G, Mueller W, Haughton V (1998) Functional MR of frontal lobe activation: comparison with Wada language results. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 19:1095-1098.
  257. Young AW, Ellis AW (1985) Different methods of lexical access for words presented in the left and right visual hemifields. Brain Lang 24:326-358.
  258. Zorzi M, Houghton G, Butterworth B (1998) Two Routes or One in Reading Aloud? A Connectionist Dual-Process Model. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 24:1131-1161.